CT Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

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2
Q

In what year was x-rays discovered?

A

1895

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3
Q

A type of “shadow” of all the dense tissues in the path of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient

A

Conventional Radiograph

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4
Q

Who is deemed as “father” of CT releasing the first commercial CT scanner in the early 1970s?

A

Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield

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5
Q

Every CT scanner must include a source of x-rays, called _____, and at least one x-ray _____

A

CT X-ray Tube / Detector

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6
Q

First-generation scanners had an x-ray tube that produced what kind of beam?

A

Pencil Beam

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7
Q

For first-generation scanners, its beam passes through the patient to how many detectors?

A

One

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8
Q

How many degrees did the first-generation scanners rotated by?

A

1 degree

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9
Q

What was the total scan time of first-generation scanners per image?

A

5 minutes

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10
Q

Second-generation scanners had an x-ray tube that produced what kind of beam?

A

Fan Beam

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11
Q

For second-generation scanners, its beam passes through the patient to how many detectors?

A

Multiple detectors in a straight line

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12
Q

How many degrees did the second-generation scanners rotated by?

A

5 degrees

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13
Q

What was the total scan time of second-generation scanners per image?

A

20 seconds

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14
Q

Third-generation scanners had an x-ray tube that produced what kind of beam?

A

Fan Beam

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15
Q

For third-generation scanners, its beam passes through the patient to how many detectors?

A

Multiple detectors in an arc

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16
Q

What was the total scan time of third-generation scanners per image?

A

Less than 1 second

17
Q

What is the main difference when it comes to fourth-generation scanners compared to the previous generations?

A

Multiple detectors encircles the patient, but only the tube rotates around the patient

18
Q

What are the benefits of multi-row detector CT scanners?

A

Faster scan
Increased anatomical coverage
Resolution improvement

19
Q

Why would a cone beam CT be used in the oncology department?

A

To verify patient positioning prior to receiving radiation therapy

20
Q

What are the benefits of CT?

A

Cross-sectional
Tissue differentiation
Digital
Speed

21
Q

What are the three conventional imaging planes?

A

Transverse
Coronal
Sagittal

22
Q

What are some benefits to digital information?

A

Easily stored on a computer
Always accurately reproduced from the stored data
Easily & quickly manipulated and processed on a computer
Can be stored on optical disk or CD
Can be electronically transported to remove viewing facilities

23
Q

“Throughput” refers to…

A

The number of patients one can scan in a given period of time

24
Q

Repeated exposure to ionizing radiation can result in…

A

Malignancies and birth defects

25
What are some common indications for CT when looking at the head?
Viewing facial bones | Study the sinuses
26
What are some common indications for CT when looking at the chest?
Infection Cancer Pulmonary emboli Aneurysms
27
What are some common indications for CT when looking at the abdomen?
``` Cysts Abscesses Infection Bleeding Tumors Aneurysms Diverticulitis Appendicitis ```
28
What are some common indications for CT when looking at the urinary tract?
Detect kidney stones Blockages Abnormal growths
29
What are some common indications for CT in reference to an orthopedic?
Trauma | Evaluate extent of damage
30
What is the target in the CT x-ray tube made of, and why?
Tungsten: High atomic number = efficient x-ray production due to its many electrons High melting point = prevents target from heating up when electrons hit