CT AND ADIPOSE Flashcards
What are the three structural elements of connective tissue?
Cells, Fibers, Ground substance
What is the most abundant tissue in the human body?
Connective tissue
Which embryonic layer gives rise to all connective tissues?
mesenchyme from the Mesoderm
What is the function of fibroblasts?
They produce and maintain the extracellular matrix, including collagen and elastin.
What are the two main types of adipose tissue?
White adipose tissue and Brown adipose tissue
What is the main function of macrophages in connective tissue?
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
Which type of collagen is the most abundant in the human body?
Type I collagen
What vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis?
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
What is the function of mast cells?
They release histamine and other bioactive substances in response to allergens.
What are the major signs of inflammation?
Redness (rubor), Swelling (tumor), Heat (calor), Pain (dolor), Loss of function (functio laesa)
What is the primary function of reticular fibers?
They provide support in delicate connective tissues like lymph nodes and bone marrow.
What type of connective tissue has a high proportion of collagen and fibroblasts aligned in parallel?
Dense regular connective tissue
Which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is the largest and most ubiquitous?
Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid)
What is the primary function of brown adipose tissue?
Heat production (thermogenesis)
What protein allows elastic fibers to stretch and recoil?
Elastin
Which proteoglycan is a key component of cartilage?
Aggrecan
What is the role of plasma cells?
They produce antibodies (immunoglobulins).
Which connective tissue type is found beneath epithelial linings and supports organs?
Loose (Areolar) connective tissue
What is the term for macrophages derived from monocytes?
Histiocytes
What is the ‘satiety factor’ hormone produced by adipocytes?
Leptin
What enzyme breaks down elastin?
Elastase
Which specialized connective tissue is found in the umbilical cord?
Mucoid (Wharton’s jelly) connective tissue
What type of leukocyte is primarily involved in allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
What is the major structural protein of the extracellular matrix?
Collagen
What structure does dense irregular connective tissue primarily support?
Dermis of the skin
Which component of ground substance allows diffusion of nutrients and gases?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
What type of fibers provide high tensile strength in connective tissue?
Collagen fibers
Which enzyme cross-links elastin molecules?
Lysyl oxidase
What is the primary function of ground substance in connective tissue?
Filling spaces, providing support, and enabling diffusion.
What is the function of fibronectin?
It aids in cell adhesion and migration.
Which connective tissue type is most resistant to stress from multiple directions?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What cell type produces collagen fibers?
Fibroblasts
What is the role of interstitial fluid?
It provides metabolic support and allows diffusion of nutrients and gases.
Which leukocyte type has a ‘clock-face’ chromatin pattern?
Plasma cells
What type of connective tissue supports developing blood cells in bone marrow?
Reticular connective tissue
What protein forms reticular fibers?
Collagen Type III
What is the function of laminin?
It facilitates cell adhesion in the basal lamina.
Which connective tissue type is found in tendons and ligaments?
Dense regular connective tissue
What type of connective tissue is found in the fetal umbilical cord?
Mucoid connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly)
