CT 14 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

what is OSA

Answer 1

caused by collapse of the pharyngeal airway resulting in cessation of breathing for a few minutes

Question 2

what are the risk factors for OSA

Answer 2

• middle age
• male
• obesity
• alcohol
• smoking

hypothyroidism, Down’s syndrome, Marfan’s syndrome, PCOS

Question 3

presentation of OSA

Answer 3

Episodes of apnoea during sleep (reported by a partner)
Snoring
Morning headache
Waking up unrefreshed from sleep
Daytime sleepiness
Concentration problems
Reduced oxygen saturation during sleep

Question 4

causes of OSA

Answer 4

• big tonsils
• macroglossia
• obesity
• down’s and marfans causes a high arched palate

Question 5

consequences of OSA

Answer 5

• daytime sleepiness
• compensated respiratory acidosis
• hypertension

increased risk of hypertension, HF and MI

Question 6

which scale is used

Answer 6

epworth sleepiness scale

Question 7

what are sleep studies

Answer 7

measure brain waves, O₂ levels, heart rate, breathing, and eye and leg movements during sleep).

Question 8

management of OSA

Answer 8

• weight loss and other lifestyle factors
• CPAP
• intra-oral devices (mandibular advancement)
• surgery UPPP (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty)