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Chemistry > CST Review > Flashcards

CST Review Flashcards

To help students review concepts covered in Chemistry this year in preparation for the CST test.

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1
Q

What is the name of a positively charged ion?

A

cation

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2
Q

What is a compound made from 2 nonmetals called?

A

molecule

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3
Q

What is the number in front of a substance in a balanced equation?

A

coefficient

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4
Q

How many electrons does carbon need to become full like a noble gas?

A

4

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5
Q

What period does magnesium belong to?

A

3

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6
Q

What is the name of elements that belong to group 7A?

A

Halogens

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7
Q

What group is stable and does not react in the natural world?

A

Noble gases, group 8A

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8
Q

What does the atomic number of an element identify?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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9
Q

What 2 subatomic particles contribute to the mass of an atom?

A

protons and neutrons

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10
Q

what step of the scientific method is an educated guess based on research?

A

Hypothesis

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11
Q

Where are the transition metals found on the periodic table?

A

middle, B group

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12
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1 atomic mass unit (amu)

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13
Q

What is the molar mass of a substance?

A

The mass of a substance in grams ( 1 mole)

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14
Q

What do metals do with their valance electrons?

A

lose them to form cations

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15
Q

What is a negatively charged ion called?

A

anion

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16
Q

What type of bond holds a metal and a nonmetal together?

A

ionic

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17
Q

What is the mass of 44.8 L of oxygen gas (O2) at STP?

A

64 grams

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18
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

A

Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2

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19
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

an electron 0 e

-1

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20
Q

What are gamma rays?

A

High energy rays that penetrate through everything except lead and concrete

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21
Q

If a molecule is made of only C and H, what type of bond must hold it together?

A

covalent

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22
Q

when atoms donate and accept electrons what type of bond is formed?

A

ionic

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23
Q

Where is most of an atom’s mass found?

A

In the nucleus

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24
Q

what is a valence electron?

A

the electrons found at the outermost energy level

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25
Q

what element would end at 4s2 3d10 4p5?

A

Bromine Br

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26
Q

What is the standard molar volume?

A

22.4 Liters

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27
Q

How many particles are in a mole?

A

6.02 x 10 23

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28
Q

If one mole of glucose has a mass of 180 grams, how many grams would 0.5 moles weigh?

A

90 grams

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29
Q

How would you balance this equation?

C2H6 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O

A

2C2H6 + 7O2 –> 4CO2 + 6H2O

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30
Q

What is the equation for the ideal gas law?

A

PV = nRT

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31
Q

How do you convert 53oC to K?

A

53 + 273 = 326K

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32
Q

Random motion of a gas molecules produces what?

A

Pressure on a surface

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33
Q

How do you describe the relationship between P and V?

A

Inversely proportional

34
Q

The periodic table is organized according to what?

A

atomic number ( # of protons)

35
Q

Where are the metals on the periodic table?

A

on the left of the dividing line

36
Q

Where are the nonmetals on the periodic table?

A

on the right of the dividing line

37
Q

What is the name given the elements that display both metallic and nonmetallic properties?

A

semimetals or metalloids

38
Q

How do you determine how many valence electrons an element has available to react?

A

group number (1A, 2A etc)

39
Q

What element has the highest electronegativity?

A

Fluorine

40
Q

What is the trend for atomic size (radius) going across a period?

A

size decreases as move from left to right due to effective nuclear charge

41
Q

Describe the structure of an atom.

A

Nucleus has protons and neutrons, contains all the mass, mostly empty space, neutral ( P = e), electrons live in energy levels in the electron cloud and orbit around the nucleus

42
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

amino acids

43
Q

What type of bonds hold biological macromolecules together?

A

covalent

44
Q

What are the 4 major biomolecule groups?

A

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

45
Q

How many dots would be drawn around a Fluorine atom and how would they be arranged?

A

7 electrons, 3 pairs and 1 single

46
Q

What causes pressure?

A

collisions with the surface of a container

47
Q

Why does Kelvin have to be used in gas laws problems?

A

Because we can reach OoC which cannot go in the bottom of a fraction

48
Q

What are the values of standard temperature and pressure?

A

273 K and 1 atm (or 760 mmHg or 101.3 kPa)

49
Q

Why do gas molecules diffuse through the air?

A

they move randomly and spread out to fill the container/room they are in

50
Q

How do you know a compound is an acid?

A

It begins with H+ (Hydrogen ions)

51
Q

How do you know a compound is a base?

A

It contains OH- (Hydroxide ions)

52
Q

What are properties of acids?

A

pH lower than 7, taste sour, feel like water, corrosive with metals, turn litmus paper red, found in foods

53
Q

What are the properties of a base?

A

slippery, taste bitter, found in cleaning products, do not react with metals, pH above 7, turns litmus paper blue

54
Q

What s the name of a reaction that includes an acid and a base?

A

neutralization

55
Q

What is the name of an acid that fully dissociates in water?

A

Strong acid

56
Q

What is the range of the pH scale and where does water go?

A

0 (acid) to 14 ( base) water is 7, neutral H= = OH-

57
Q

What are the 2 parts of a solution?

A

solute ( thing that dissolves)

solvent ( thing dissolved in)

58
Q

What is the formula for Molarity?

A

M = moles of solute / Liters of solution

59
Q

What type of reaction releases heat as a product?

A

exothermic

60
Q

What type of reaction has a change in Heat that is positive (+)

A

endothermic

61
Q

What 3 things affect the equilibrium of a reaction?

A

Pressure (gases only), concentration, temperature

62
Q

What must all reactions reach before they move forward to make products?

A

Activation energy

63
Q

How does a catalyst speed up a reaction?

A

lowers the activation energy

64
Q

What force overcomes the electromagnetic repulsion between protons in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Nuclear force

65
Q

What name is given to radioactive atoms?

A

isotopes

66
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

helium atom 4

2 He

67
Q

What is fission?

A

nuclear reaction where 1 atom becomes 2 new atoms

68
Q

What is fusion?

A

nuclear reaction where 2 smaller atoms join together to form 1 new different element

69
Q

Matter is made of atoms that have positive centers of neutrons and protons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. This statement is a________.

A

Theory (atomic theory)

70
Q

What did Rutherford’s experiment with gold foil and X-rays help discover about the atom?

A

atom has a dense positively charged nucleus, atoms are mostly empty space

71
Q

Why is cobalt placed before Nickel on the periodic table of elements even though Co has a higher average atomic mass than Ni?

A

It is based on number of protons ( atomic number) Co has fewer protons.

72
Q

Which element is capable of forming stable. extended chains of atoms through single, double or triple bonds with itself?

A

Carbon

73
Q

The volume of 400 ml of chlorine gas at 400 mmHg is decreased to 200ml at constant temperature. What is the new gas pressure?

A

800 mmHg (inverse proportion, cut it in half, double other one)

74
Q

At what temperature will all molecular motion stop?

A

0 K (-273 oC)

75
Q

Why do water and oil not mix?

A

water is polar and oil is nonpolar

76
Q

If the solubility of NaCl at 25oC is 36.2 g /100g H20, what mass of NaCl will dissolve in 50.0g of H2O?

A

18.1 g (cut everything in half)

77
Q

Is melting ice an exothermic or endothermic process?

A

endothermic (ice has to get warmer to melt)

78
Q

Is condensation an exothermic or endothermic process?

A

exothermic ( heat has to leave the gas to return to the liquid state)

79
Q

Of 4 different lab solutions, one with a pH of 11, one with pH 7, one with pH 5, and one with a pH of 3, the solution with the highest acidity would be pH?

A

3

80
Q

How many atoms are in 97.6 grams of Platinum (Pt)?

A

3.01 x 10 23

Chemistry (2 decks)

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