CSS

Question 1

CSS is a visual markup and adds Semantics to XML.

How do you include CSS to your XML document?

Answer 1

By inserting it as a processing instruction.

The first attribute indicates we are using the CSS language

The second attribute gives the location

Question 2

What are selectors and declarations in CSS?

Answer 2

Selectors should refer to paths in a tree and be able to test attribute value

Declarations should be able to state what visual property is being changed & the value

selector { declaration; …; declaration; }

declaration = property : value

Tip: Declarations should filtered down the document tree (parent and it’s children)

Question 3

What is the difference between universal and type selectors?

Answer 3

Universal selector matches the name of any element

* { font-size: 24pt; }

Type selector matches the name of a document language element

TITLE { font-size: 24pt; }

Question 4

What are the two descendant selectors and how do they work?

Answer 4

Descendant selector combines elements seperated by a space. Amends the final element (in terms of the declaration) if it is any descendant of the previous element.

CONTACT TEL {color:orange;}

Tip: Can combine with universal selectors A * D { color:red; }

Child Descendant selector only matches direct descendants (children)

CONTACT > TEL { font-size: 24pt; }

Tip: Can combine both types CONTACT > TEL HOME

Question 5

What are the two common attribute selectors?

Answer 5

[att] matches when the element sets the [att] attribute

[att=”val”] matches when the element sets the [att] attribute with the value “val”

Question 6

What are Pseudo Classes and Pseudo Elements

Answer 6

They are based on information outside the document tree

selector:pseudo {declarations}

Pseudo Elements refer to structural information which

isn’t marked up but still useful

OPENING:before {content: “Dear”}

CLOSING:after {content: “Kindest Regards”}

Pseudo Classes specify other characteristic properties of elements

[e.g hover & active]

HIDING:hover {declarations}

Question 7

Name some relative units

Answer 7

• em: the ‘font-size’ of the relevant font
• ex: the ‘x-height’ of the relevant font
• px: pixels, relative to the viewing device

Question 8

Name some absolute units

Answer 8

• in: inches
• cm: centimeters
• mm: millimeters
• pt: points

Question 9

What are the Limitations to CSS?

Answer 9

• Can’t Restructure a document
  Unable to sort or convert logical elements to a table (html recipe example)
• Can’t Remove a document
  Can hide with display:none but it won’t actually remove the data. Still can see in the source code
• Can’t Compute using the data content or its structure
  Unable to use the output data, sort, make ENUMs. (Can count with xslt)