CSS Flashcards
What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?
A css selector, declaration block(with {}), property, value
In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?
With the period(or full stop) symbol before the selector
In CSS, how do you select elements by their tag name?
With the element name
In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?
With the pound of hash symbol before the selector
Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.
RGB values, hex codes, color names, rgba values
What CSS properties make up the box model?
margin, border, padding, and content
Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?
Margin. Margins sit outside the edge of the border. Setting the width of a margin can create a gap between the borders of two adjacent boxes
Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?
Padding. Padding is the space between the border of a box and any content contained within it, increasing readability of its contents
What is a pseudo-class?
A pseudo-class acts like an extra value for a class attribute. It’s added to a selector that specifies a special state of the selected element(s)
What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?
They let you apply a style to an element not only in relation to the content of the document tree, but also in relation to external factors, the status of its content, or the position of the mouse
Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.
pixels(px), percentages(%), and ems(em)
What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?
font-family:
What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?
row (default)
What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?
nowrap (default)
Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?
Because <div> elements are block-level elements and have display: block;
What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?
flex-direction: row; the x-axis
What are the three primary components of a page layout? (Which helper classes do you need?)
container(holds everything), row(holds columns), and column
What is the minimum number of columns that you should put in a row?
one
What is the purpose of a container?
To “contain” the entire layout and give the whole layout a minimum width
What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?
position: static;
How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?
Relative positioning does not affect document flow
How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?
Relative positioning moves an element in relation to where it would have been in normal flow
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?
It is taken out of normal flow and no longer affects the position of other element on the page
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?
It appears at the top of its containing element and its box offset properties specify where the element should appear in relation to its containing element
How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?
Make the containing block element non-static( like relative) in order to position the absolutely positioned child element
What are the four box offset properties?
top, bottom, left, right
What are the four components of “the Cascade”.
Inheritance, origin and important, specificity, and source order
What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?
The order that CSS rules are written in the stylesheet, top to bottom
How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?
Inheritance
List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.
type, class, id
Why is using !important considered bad practice?
Because understanding and effectively using specificity and the cascade can remove any need for the !important flag
What does the transform property do?
The transform CSS property lets you rotate, scale, skew, or translate an element. It modifies the coordinate space of the CSS visual formatting model
Give four examples of CSS transform functions.
matrix, translate, scale, rotate, skew, perspective
The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties?
transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function, and transition-delay
Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.
color, height, width, min-width, max-width
Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?
The <meta></meta> tag. It can contain: width = device-width
What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?
The points at which a media query is introduced where the content starts to break in some way
What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?
Percentage widths scale in relation to the container whereas fixed widths are static
If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?
CSS rules that appear later override previous rules if they have the same specificity, also known as source order
