CSS Flashcards
What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?
selector, declaration block, property, value
In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?
.classname
In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?
element name
In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?
idname
Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.
color name, hex code, rgb
What CSS properties make up the box model?
margin, border, padding, height, width
Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?
margin
Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?
padding
What is a pseudo-class?
class applied based on an unique state of an element can only be applied by browser (you cannot write)
What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?
can add special effects to elements based on user interaction
less work/code needed later on when code becomes complex
Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.
rems, ems, pixels, percentages
What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?
font-family
What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?
row (left to right direction)
What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?
no wrap
Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?
they are block level elements
What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?
row
what is the purpose of the container class for layout classes?
to create space for content
what is purpose of row class in layout classes?
to section off vertical spaces/areas (where content is horizontal)
what is purpose of column class for layout classes?
to section off horizontal space/area
What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?
static (normal document flow)
How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?
doesn’t affect the document flow
How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?
(with no box offset) appears where it would normally be in static position
(with box offset) moves in relation to where it would have been originally in static position
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?
element is removed from normal flow (perceived to be nonexistent)
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?
appears at top left corner of containing element (the closest/nearest ancestor element that is not static)
(sits at the top of its nearest ancestor that is not static)
How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?
make that containing block not static position (relative)
What are the four box offset properties?
top, bottom, left, right
fixed position
positioned in relation to viewport of browser
allows us to make an element visible at all times on browser
(chat with representative box, popups to sign in before going into website, navigation bar at the top of page no matter how much you scroll etc.)
What are the four components of “the Cascade”.
source order, inheritance, specificity , ! important
What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?
styling is dependent on the order of css rulesets in stylesheet
process in css of deciding which styling is applied to element dependent on the order of the rulesets in your stylesheets (rulesets lower have more priority
How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?
inheritance
List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.
type/element < class < id
Why is using !important considered bad practice?
reverses cascade
overrides everything
What does the transform property do?
modifies the coordinate space of the CSS (on x, y, z plane)
Give four examples of CSS transform functions.
matrix, translate, scale, rotate
Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.
min-width
max-width
Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?
viewport meta tag
What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?
The points at which a media query is introduced
where the styling changes
What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?
no matter what the width of parent is, will be the percentage of that width
more adaptable? more wiggle room?
If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?
because of source order!!
**media queries should ALWAYS be at bottom of stylesheet (in same file as original rule is located)
**source order matters a lot for media queries!! (go in linear order)
default is mobile (smallest width) -> larger width -> even larger width -> etc.
