CSS

Question 1

What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?

Answer 1

selector, declaration block, property, value

Question 2

In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?

Answer 2

.classname

Question 3

In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?

Answer 3

element name

Question 4

In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?

Answer 4

idname

Question 5

Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.

Answer 5

color name, hex code, rgb

Question 6

What CSS properties make up the box model?

Answer 6

margin, border, padding, height, width

Question 7

Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?

Answer 7

margin

Question 8

Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?

Answer 8

padding

Question 9

What is a pseudo-class?

Answer 9

class applied based on an unique state of an element
can only be applied by browser (you cannot write)

Question 10

What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?

Answer 10

can add special effects to elements based on user interaction
less work/code needed later on when code becomes complex

Question 11

Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.

Answer 11

rems, ems, pixels, percentages

Question 12

What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?

Answer 12

font-family

Question 13

What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?

Answer 13

row (left to right direction)

Question 14

What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?

Answer 14

no wrap

Question 15

Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?

Answer 15

they are block level elements

Question 16

What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?

Answer 16

row

Question 17

what is the purpose of the container class for layout classes?

Answer 17

to create space for content

Question 18

what is purpose of row class in layout classes?

Answer 18

to section off vertical spaces/areas (where content is horizontal)

Question 19

what is purpose of column class for layout classes?

Answer 19

to section off horizontal space/area

Question 20

What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?

Answer 20

static (normal document flow)

Question 21

How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?

Answer 21

doesn’t affect the document flow

Question 22

How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 22

(with no box offset) appears where it would normally be in static position
(with box offset) moves in relation to where it would have been originally in static position

Question 23

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?

Answer 23

element is removed from normal flow (perceived to be nonexistent)

Question 24

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 24

appears at top left corner of containing element (the closest/nearest ancestor element that is not static)

(sits at the top of its nearest ancestor that is not static)

Question 25

How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?

Answer 25

make that containing block not static position (relative)

Question 26

What are the four box offset properties?

Answer 26

top, bottom, left, right

Question 27

fixed position

Answer 27

positioned in relation to viewport of browser

allows us to make an element visible at all times on browser
(chat with representative box, popups to sign in before going into website, navigation bar at the top of page no matter how much you scroll etc.)

Question 28

What are the four components of “the Cascade”.

Answer 28

source order, inheritance, specificity , ! important

Question 29

What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?

Answer 29

styling is dependent on the order of css rulesets in stylesheet

process in css of deciding which styling is applied to element dependent on the order of the rulesets in your stylesheets (rulesets lower have more priority

Question 30

How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?

Answer 30

inheritance

Question 31

List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.

Answer 31

type/element < class < id

Question 32

Why is using !important considered bad practice?

Answer 32

reverses cascade

overrides everything

Question 33

What does the transform property do?

Answer 33

modifies the coordinate space of the CSS (on x, y, z plane)

Question 34

Give four examples of CSS transform functions.

Answer 34

matrix, translate, scale, rotate

Question 35

Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.

Answer 35

min-width

max-width

Question 36

Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?

Answer 36

viewport meta tag

Question 37

What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?

Answer 37

The points at which a media query is introduced

where the styling changes

Question 38

What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?

Answer 38

no matter what the width of parent is, will be the percentage of that width
more adaptable? more wiggle room?

Question 39

If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?

Answer 39

because of source order!!

**media queries should ALWAYS be at bottom of stylesheet (in same file as original rule is located)

**source order matters a lot for media queries!! (go in linear order)
default is mobile (smallest width) -> larger width -> even larger width -> etc.