CSS

Question 1

What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?

Answer 1

the selector, the declaration of the code block, and then the properties and its values.

Question 2

In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?

Answer 2

.class-name

Question 3

In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?

Answer 3

just write their name so ex: h1, body, etc.

Question 4

In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?

Answer 4

id-name

Question 5

Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.

Answer 5

You can use color (name of color), the function rgb (numbers), and hex codes(#).

*HSL, HSLA and RGBA are other ways.

Question 6

What CSS properties make up the box model?

Answer 6

Height, width, padding, border, and margin

Question 7

Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?

Answer 7

Margin. It is OUTSIDE the border element

*Margin is wearing a puffy jacket

Question 8

Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?

Answer 8

Padding. It is INSIDE the border element

*Padding is gaining weight

Question 9

What is a pseudo-class?

Answer 9

A keyword that specifies a special state of a selected element.

Question 10

What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?

Answer 10

They’re useful for applying a style in relation to the user or their cursor.

Question 11

Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.

Answer 11

Px, %, rem, and em

TIP: Best to use “em” for device flexibility

Question 12

What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?

Answer 12

font-family

Question 13

What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?

Answer 13

flex-direction: row;

Question 14

What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?

Answer 14

flex-wrap: nowrap;

Question 15

Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?

Answer 15

They are block level elements, so they take up the full width of the page and push other elements down.

Question 16

What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?

Answer 16

row (left to right)

Question 17

What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?

Answer 17

position: static;

Question 18

How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?

Answer 18

“position: relative” stays the same in document flow, makes the element move in relation to where it would be in normal flow. The position of surrounding elements isn’t affected.

Question 19

How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 19

“position: relative” makes the element move in relation to where it would have been in normal flow. Without offset properties it just stays in the same place.

Question 20

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?

Answer 20

It is removed from the document flow. All neighboring elements view it as not existing anymore and they will fill that space up.

Question 21

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 21

“position: absolute” makes the element move in relation to its containing element. It is taken out of normal flow.

Cody’s answer:
It gets positioned within the nearest non-static ancestor. Moves that element into a layer of the document for strictly positioned elements. They check for any neighboring elements with their position set to not static.

Question 22

How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?

Answer 22

Change the element container’s position to not static, usually relative.

Question 23

What are the four box offset properties?

Answer 23

top, bottom, left, and right

Question 24

What are the four components of “the Cascade”.

Answer 24

source order, inheritance, specificity, and !important rule?

Question 25

What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?

Answer 25

Source order refers to the order CSS is written in the stylesheet. The the further down the list, the higher the source order.

Written from least important to most important.

Question 26

How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?

Answer 26

Elements can inherit styling properties from their parent element.

*Not all properties can be inherited (ex: background-color isn’t inherited). Most properties that are inherited are related to font styling.

Question 27

List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.

Answer 27

1. Type selector
2. Class selector
3. ID selector

So ID > Class > Type

Question 28

Why is using !important considered bad practice?

Answer 28

It makes it difficult to debug styling. When !important is applied to an element then it takes precedence over any other styling. The only way to change styling on something with !important is with another !important or changing it with JavaScript.

It’s better practice to use better source order.

Worth noting that the CSS library Bootstrap has some styling that have !important because it’s essential to their functionality. So !important is useful when working with libraries, but not for plain CSS.

Question 29

What does the transform property do?

Answer 29

It modifies the space (coordinate plane) of an element, through functions like rotate(), skew(), translate(), etc.

Question 30

Give four examples of CSS transform functions.

Answer 30

rotate() - which rotates the element based on the input ‘deg’

translateY() - which moves an element up or down (positive values go down)

scale() - which makes an element increase or decrease in size

perspective() - which sets the distance between the user and the z=0 plane (the larger the number the further away)

Question 31

Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.

Answer 31

Min-width and color

*Note: always include media type (usually screen)

Question 32

Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?

Answer 32

viewport

*Note:
‘width=device-width’ means load page at the full width of the device

‘initial-scale=1’ means load this page at it’s normal scale, don’t downsize it

Question 33

The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties? Say what each one does

Answer 33

transition-property: specifies which CSS property your transition effect is applied to

transition-duration: sets the length of time a transition animation should take to complete (default value is 0s)

transition-timing-function: sets an acceleration curve so that the speed of transition can vary over the transition duration

transition-delay: specifies the duration to wait before starting a property’s transition effect when its value changes

Question 34

CSS-responsive-layout

What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?

Answer 34

It’s the points in which a MEDIA QUERY should be introduced. The parts where the webpage ‘breaks’ or isn’t looking as intended anymore because of different screen size. Ex: image bigger than intended, or text gets squished.

*Note usually relates to width

Question 35

CSS-responsive-layout

What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?

Answer 35

Percentages are based on the parent element which means they’ll scale accordingly if the parent is shrunk. While pixels are a hard set number that don’t change with screen size.

Question 36

CSS-responsive-layout

If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?

Answer 36

CSS source order. The latest CSS rule sets (further down the page) take priority over rule sets that are written/read before it.

So smaller media queries for min-widths should go from smallest to largest. Always use min-width. Do ascending min-width order.

*Notes: Design page to be mobile first (basically designing two pages: mobile then desktop). Never use percentages for height.