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CSMLS review > CSMLS review > Flashcards

CSMLS review Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobials used in combination to treat P. aeruginosa patients

A

beta-lactam and aminoglycoside

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2
Q

Haemophilus influenzae requires which factor(s) to grow?

A

X and V factors

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3
Q

The porphyrin test determines the ability of an organism to:

A

synthesize X factor from delta aminolevulinic acid

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4
Q

Haemophilus influenzae ALA result

A

negative

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5
Q

Post streptococcal diseases

A

Acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever

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6
Q

What reagent is used in the oxidase test and can be stabilized by adding ascorbic acid?

A

Dimethyl or Tetramethyl - p phenylene-diamine dihydrochloride

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7
Q

Campylobacter oxidase result

A

positive

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8
Q

Campylobacter jejuni can be differentiated from Campylobacter coli from these results:

A

C. jejuni: hippurate positive; C. coli: hippurate negative

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9
Q

The bacterial count considered indicative of urinary tract infection is:

A

10^8 and more CFU/L

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10
Q

The bacterial enzyme urease hydrolyzes the substrate urea into the endproducts:

A

Ammonia, carbon dioxide and water

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11
Q

The ideal recommended procedure for collection of blood cultures when the patient is to start antimicrobials is:

A

Collect one set of samples from each arm before antimicrobials are started

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12
Q

pH range of most microbiology media

A

7.2-7.6

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13
Q

Class A fire extinguishers

A

For combustible solids like paper, wood, plastic, textile and cardboard

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14
Q

Class B fire extinguishers

A

For liquid fuels like organic solvents and oils

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15
Q

Class C fire extinguishers

A

For electrical fire

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16
Q

Class D fire extinguishers

A

For flammable metals like sodium and potassium

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17
Q

Putting on PPE (order)

A

Gown, mask, goggles, gloves

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18
Q

Taking off PPE (order)

A

Gloves, goggles, gown, mask

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19
Q

Haptoglobin is in which band of electrophoresis?

A

Alpha 2

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20
Q

Beta-gamma bridging in SPE

A

Liver cirrhosis (IgA)

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21
Q

Creatinine clearance adult reference range

A

1.20 - 2.20 mL/sec

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22
Q

Direct method for measuring urea in which a yellow coloured compound is measured at 540 nm

A

Diacetyl monoxime

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23
Q

The first step for most indirect methods for the measurement of urea

A

Conversion of urea to ammonia by urease

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24
Q

Type of crystals in synovial fluid associated with gout

A

Monosodium urate

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25
Q

Fixative that may cause a diffuse PAS reaction, due to unbound aldehyde group

A

Glutaraldehyde

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26
Q

Chromosome abnormality in AML M3

A

15:17

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27
Q

Coagulation factors that require Ca2+

A

2, 7, 9, 10

28
Q

How to remove formalin pigment

A

Alcoholic picric acid or 2% ammonia in 80% alcohol

29
Q

Masson’s trichrome - muscle appears purple. What happened?

A

Bouin’s fluid has not been used (or is too old) - muscle should be red, not purple

30
Q

What type of cuvette would you use to perform a spectrophotometric method that uses a wavelength in the UV range?

A

Quartz cuvette

31
Q

What is carbol fuchsin made of?

A

Basic fuchsin and phenol

32
Q

Stages of the quality hierarchy from top to bottom

A 
TQM - total quality management
QM - quality management
QS - quality system
QA - quality assurance (assessment)
QC - quality control
33
Q

In fluorometry, what does the primary monochromator do?

A

Isolates the excitation wavelength

34
Q

In fluorometry, what does the secondary monochromator do?

A

Isolates the emission wavelength

35
Q

How do we account for self-absorption in flame emission photometry?

A

Initial dilution of all samples

36
Q

How do we account for mutual excitation in flame emission photometry?

A

Using both Na and K in standards, also internal standard acts as a radiation buffer

37
Q

How do we control ionization in flame emission photometry?

A

By keeping the flame temperature low

38
Q

How do we control the size of sample droplets in flame emission photometry?

A

By using a wetting agent to control the surface tension, creating smaller sample droplets

39
Q

Coulometry

A

Only purpose is to measure Cl-

A form of electrochemical titration that uses 2 pairs of electrodes: generator and indicator

40
Q

Calomel

A

Often used for a reference electrode

HgCl2

41
Q

Conductimetry

A

The measurement of current flow between 2 electrodes

42
Q

Lipemia/high protein levels interference with ISEs

A

Can interfere with indirect ISEs to cause falsely decreased results
Indirect ISEs measure a dilution of the sample - if a large amount of lipid or protein is taken instead of plasma to make the dilution, there will be fewer electrolytes to measure

43
Q

Oxygen electrodes use the principle of:

A

Amperometry

44
Q

When using coulometry to measure serum chloride, what event indicates the end of the titration?

A

Silver ions generated in excess

45
Q

Membrane in an oxygen sensing electrode

A

Polypropylene

46
Q

Membrane in a CO2 electrode

A

Silicone rubber

47
Q

Membrane in a direct ISE for sodium

A

Glass

48
Q

Electroendosmosis

A

Flow of buffer ions and solvent in opposite direction of protein migration
Buffer cations flow toward cathode, along with gamma globulins (cathodic migration)
Minimized by using media with few ionizable groups and low protein affinity (agarose gel)

49
Q

Wick flow in electrophoresis

A

Evaporation of buffer in the middle draws up more buffer from the ends of the gel
Controlled by keeping lid on system and cooling temperature

50
Q

NLFs that produce H2S

A

Salmonella, Citrobacter

51
Q

Test to differentiate K. pneumoniae from K. oxytoca

A

Indole: K. pneumoniae indole neg, K. oxytoca indole pos

52
Q

Yellow colonies on TCBS agar indicate which organism?

A

Vibrio

53
Q

Coagulase results for Staph lugdunensis

A

Slide coag +, Tube coag -

54
Q

Test to differentiate Plesiomonas from Shigella

A

Oxidase (Shigella -, Plesiomonas +)

55
Q

Streptolysin S

A

Oxygen stable, acid labile
When a blood agar base with fermentable carbohydrates is used, acid produced from fermentation can kill Streptolysin S and interfere with hemolysis

56
Q

Streptolysin O

A

Oxygen labile, acid stable
Inactivated by exposure to oxygen - if not incubated anaerobically, Streptolysin O can be destroyed. This interferes with hemolysis

57
Q

If an SPE was performed on a hemolyzed sample, what would the pattern show?

A

Increase in the Beta-globulin band

58
Q

The typical difference between serum and whole blood glucose values

A

Whole blood values are about 10% lower than serum

59
Q

Reference range for total calcium

A

2.10 - 2.60 mmol/L

60
Q

Reference range for ionized calcium

A

1.15 - 1.35 mmol/L

61
Q

Critical limits for total calcium

A

Critical low: less than 1.75mmol/L

Critical high: more than 3.25mmol/L

62
Q

First step for most triglyceride methods

A

Hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipase

63
Q

Myoglobin levels after AMI

A

First elevated in 1-3hrs, peaks at 6-8hrs, returns to normal within 24hrs

64
Q

CK-MB levels after AMI

A

First elevated in 4-6hrs, peaks at 12-24hrs, returns to normal within 2-3 days

65
Q

Troponin levels after AMI

A

First elevated in 4-6hrs, peaks at 12-18hrs, returns to normal within 5-14 days

66
Q

Effect of CO2 on a sample that has been left open for an extended time

A

Falsely low

CSMLS review (1 decks)

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