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Restorative > CSL Book 1 Yellow > Flashcards

CSL Book 1 Yellow Flashcards

1
Q

number and use of rugby ball-shaped bur

A

285/773

  • occlusal and lingual reduction
  • shaping cingulum and cusp areas (all ceramic crown prep, cingulum reduction)
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2
Q

shape and use of 877 bur

A 
torpedo shaped (tapered)
axial surfaces to produce chamfer in crown prep)
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3
Q

shape, size and use of 520 bur

A

rosehead, fast handpiece, 1mm
access to caries
class II self-retentive box
class III access (anterior interproximal)

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4
Q

shape and use of 637 bur

A

Six 37 –> Ceramic
tapered, rounded end
all ceramic crown prep, chamfer finish lines
(similar to 877 but wider

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5
Q

a. length of cutting head of 544

b. distance enamel- dentine

A

a. 3mm

b. 2mm

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6
Q

define torque

A

tendency of a force to cause rotation about an axis

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7
Q

probe used to check adequate caries removal

A

no 18

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8
Q

speed of fast handpiece

A

450-500 000rpm

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9
Q

speed of slow handpiece

A

3-4000rpm

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10
Q

range of acceptable cavo-surface angles

A

70-120

90+- 20

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11
Q

what lining to use for amalgam fillings and why

A

setting calcium hydroxide 2:

  • remineralise remaining slightly altered dentine
  • stimulate odontoblasts to produce more dentine
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12
Q

a. why apply cavity varnish

A

a. reduce microleakage

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13
Q

2 effects of leakage

A
  • post-op sensitivity

- secondary caries

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14
Q

a. mixing time and working time of setting calcium hydroxide

b. where to apply calcium hydroxide lining and why

A

5-10s mixing
6 minutes working (humidity dependent)
b. pulpal floor and axial wall (protects pulp but amalgam contacts walls for stronger bond

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15
Q

contents of cavity varnish

A

copal resin dissolved in ether solvent (makes eSther)

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16
Q

how to apply cavity varnish and why

A

use sectioned paper point.
3 coats, air drying between each.
because as the solvent evaporates, circular voids are created

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17
Q

how long to amalgamate amalgam capsule

A

8 seconds, slower setting

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18
Q

why is y shaped spillway important

A

direct food away from contact area during eating`

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19
Q

4 ways to store waste amalgam

A
  • water
  • old x ray fixer
  • potassium permanganate soln
  • container with vapour lock chemical
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20
Q

when should eugenol-containing material not be used and why

A

with composite

it would plasticise the resin base

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21
Q

what lining to use with composite 2

A

setting calcium hydroxide

light cured GIC

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22
Q

advantages of GIC lining 5

A
  • command curing
  • fluoride leach
  • bond to dentine
  • allows bond to overlying composite
  • similar co-efficient of expansion to dentine
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23
Q

what ingredient of GIC makes it light-cured

A

hema (2 hydroxylethylmetharylate)

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24
Q

wavelength of blue light cure

A

470-480nm

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25
Q

how long to cure

a. GIC lining
b. bond
c. composite

A

a. GIC lining: 30s
b. bond: 10s
c. composite: 40s

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26
Q

what lining material is easier to see

A

setting calcium hydroxide

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27
Q

what material is used to etch

A

36% phosphoric acid

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28
Q

how to etch and why

A

30s enamel
15s dentine
-rinse for at least as long as etch time (water only first, then water and air. water removes hydroxyapatite crystals and create micro-porosities in enamel)
-dry gently, max 5 secs

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29
Q

results of over-etching dentine

A

pulpal inflammation and pain

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30
Q

compare power and torque in fast and slow handpieces

A

slow: high torque, low power
fast: low torque, high power

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31
Q

how to apply bond and why

A

apply, leave for 30s
allows resin to penetrate dentinal tubules, around collagen triple helix
-gently air blow (remove acetone solvent, leaves penta and organic resins)
-10s light cure

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32
Q

contents of prime and bond xp

A

7nm nanofillers (improve physical properties)
acetone solvent
penta and active organic resins

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33
Q

orders of oblique incremental curing and why it is done

A

palatal-buccal-occlusal

avoid polymerisation shrinkage away from the cavity wall (would cause microleakage)

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34
Q

function of teflon coating

A

stops composite adhering (tip- so does bond!)

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35
Q

what causes white colour of fissure sealant

A

0.5% TiO2

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36
Q

Blacks caries classification

A 
I: occlusal surface, pit and fissure
II: interproximal posterior
III: interproximal anterior
IV: incisal edge
V: cervical
VI: cuspal
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37
Q

3 functions of a matrix band

A
  • forms missing wall of tooth
  • helps restore contact area
  • permits close adaptation of amalgam to cervical margin of tooth using wooden wedge
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38
Q

most common place for fracture in class II restorations

A

isthmus

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39
Q

what matrix system to use with class II composite

A

palodent sectional matrix

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40
Q

what is xeno and its contents and why

A

combined etch-bond

butanol solvent –> longer working time than more volatile acetone solvent

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41
Q

filler particle size in composite

A

5nm-7um

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42
Q

3 reasons for lots of filler in composite

A
  • strength
  • wear resistance
  • minimal polymerisation shrinkage (1%)
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43
Q

4 indications of full gold crown

A
  • restoration of heavily restored tooth
  • part of dental bridge
  • part of tx of tooth wear
  • combination with partial denture construction
44
Q

name functional cusps

A

upper: palatal
lower: buccal

45
Q

fvg reduction of

a. functional cusp
b. non-functional cusp

A

a. functional cusp: 1.5mm

b. non-functional cusp:1mm

46
Q

when to use 554 bur

A
  • occlusal reduction in fvg crown preps

- incisal reduction (all ceramic crown prep)

47
Q

width of 554 bur at tip

A

1mm

48
Q

reduction of

a. functional cusp bevel
b. non-functional cusp bevel

A

a. functional cusp bevel: 1.5mm

b. non-functional cusp: 1mm

49
Q

angle of bevels

A

45 degrees to long axis of tooth

should mirror angle of cusp slopes of opposing tooth

50
Q

angle of taper

a. fvg crown prep
b. all ceramic crown prep

A

a. 5-8 degrees???

b. all ceramic crown prep: 3-6 degrees

51
Q

angle, good and bad points of these marginal finishes:

a. knife edge
b. chamfer
c. shoulder

A

a. knife edge: near 180. difficult to see–> casting may be distorted during finishing BUT close adaptation to tooth surface
b. chamfer: 135. gd compromise
c. shoulder: 90. seen clearly–>no distortion BUT gold does not cast well, bad adaptation tooth surface

52
Q

2 reasons to use vertical sawing action with 877 bur interproximally

A
  • improve view as cut is made

- improve cutting efficiency of small diameter bur

53
Q

2 ways to measure mesio-distal width of provisional crown required

A
  • -Williams probe

- plastic measuring kit in ion crown kit

54
Q

biggest and smallest cusps of molars

A

biggest: mesiopalatal
smallest: distopalatal

55
Q

use of bebe crown and collar shears

A

reduce provisional ion crown

56
Q

use of crown former pliers

A

curve cervical margins of ion crown inwards to reduce cervical opening

57
Q

contents of Trim and why

A

poly iso-butyl methacrylate

lower exotherm and polymerisation shrinkage than methyl methacrylate

58
Q

a. what bond to use with provisional ion crowns and why.

b. describe formulation of this

A

Temp Bond: luting zinc oxide and eugenol paste
it removes cleanly from the preparation when provisional crown is removed

b. base, catalyst and modifier pastes.
(modifier paste only used when cementing/luting metal casting as temp measure)

59
Q

the provisional ion crown interferes with occlusion but is as thin as it can be. what do you do and why?

A

go through alloy structure- trim can withstand forces of mastication and occlusion until permanent crown is fitted

60
Q

6 indications of porcelain crown

A

IMPROVE AESTHETICS and function:

  • heavily restored (anterior) tooth
  • trauma resulting in fracture
  • hereditary and acquired hypoplasia
  • tooth wear
  • alter size and shape of tooth
  • in combination with bridges/ partial dentures
61
Q

alternatives to porcelain crowns 4 and why

A

porcelain crowns v destructive of remaining tooth structures

  • ->
  • internal/walking bleaching after root canal
  • external bleaching (using carbamine peroxide in special constructed trays)
  • composite restoration/veneer
  • porcelain veneer
62
Q

how to do incisal reduction for all ceramic crown prep

A

554 bur, 45 degrees to long angle of tooth (45 degrees inciso-palatal angle)
1-2mm/quarter of clinical height of tooth is removed, leave incisal corners to avoid damage to adjacent teeth

63
Q

order of processes for all ceramic crown prep

A
  1. incisal reduction
  2. labial reduction
  3. axial reduction/interproximal
  4. palatal reduction
  5. cingulum reduction
  6. shoulder placement
  7. final definition and finishing
64
Q

what 2 things does retention of crowns rely on

A
  • clinical height

- minimal taper

65
Q

how to do labial reduction on all ceramic crown prep

A

2 planes. (see csl book pics)

  • plane 1: incisal cut
  • plane 2: depth grooves at cervical end of crown using 5013 bur (1mm)
66
Q

why must ensure sufficient labial reduction 2

A

other technician will:

  • overbulk labial surface–> tooth overly bulbous, sticks out
  • make crown with thin labial surface and poor appearance (not enough dentine/enamel porcelain covering core material)
67
Q

how to do axial reduction on all ceramic crown prep

A

-5013 bur to reduce labial surface to depth grooves (of labial reduction), including 1mm ROUNDED SHOULDER just above gingival level
hold bur upright –> 3-6degree taper
-interproximal reduction: labial –> palatal, hold 5013 bur within bulk of tooth structure to avoid adjacent tooth damage
-remove chips of tooth at interproximal areas with instruments

68
Q

how to do palatal reduction on all ceramic crown prep

A
  • 5013 bur PARALLEL to gingival (2nd) part of labial reduction
  • cut 1mm depth grooves
  • bur held upright, join depth grooves and shoulder from axial/interproximal reduction
69
Q

why to cut palatal reduction parallel to gingival part of labial reduction

A

maximise retention

70
Q

how to do cingulum reduction on all ceramic crown prep

A

285 rugby-ball shaped bur on to cingulum surface til 1mm reduction

71
Q

all ceramic crown prep shoulder placement:

a. labial and approximal surfaces
b. palatal surface

A

all ceramic crown prep shoulder placement:

a. labial and approximal surfaces: appearance important –> shoulder just in gingival crevice
b. palatal surface: appearance not important –> shoulder above gingival level –> ease of cleaning/professional inspection

72
Q

effect of sharp line angles on shoulder

A

wedging –> fracture of crown

73
Q

how to smooth incisal edge of all ceramic crown prep and why

A

5013 bur, held at angle towards palatal surface -> avoid stress point for overlying ceramic material, sharp line angles eliminated

74
Q

why must there not be sharp line angles/rough surface in all ceramic crown prep

A
  • prevent dragging of impression

- provide surface that crown can fit well

75
Q 
SEE DIAGRAM Q251
all ceramic crown prep: function of
a. rounded shoulder
b. axial reduction
c. concave cingulum
A

a. rounded shoulder: marginal integrity, structural durability
b. axial reduction: resistance, retention form
c. concave cingulum: interocclusal clearance, structural durability

76
Q

difference between temporary and provisional crowns, when each may be used

A

temp: short term, eg when permanent crown is made in lab
provisional: slightly longer term eg to allow evaluation of endo or perio tx

77
Q

3 requirements of temp restoration

A

BAM

  • Biological 4: protect prepared dentine, prevent gingival tissue overgrowing prep margins, prevent overerupting/tilting of prepared tooth –> maintain contact points/occlusion. materials must not irritate dentine/pulp (anti-caries prophylaxis, pulp protection function)
  • Aesthetic: shade matched to pt dentition, same surface topography
  • Mechanical: resists occlusal/functional forces without fracturing
78
Q

2 main functions of temp crown

A
  • stabilise position

- protect underlying tooth prep

79
Q

what is monocular vision used to check for

A
  • marginal finish (shoulder, chamfer etc)

- no undercuts`

80
Q

how to adapt marginal fit of directa temp crown

A
  • to reduce height: green stone, slow handpiece

- labio-palatal width: crimping pliers (not fully closed)

81
Q

when to remove crown in terms of resin setting and why

A

when resin at snap stage
too short –> not set, distortion
too long –> fully polymerise, difficult to remove

82
Q

burs to use in class III prep

A

520 (fast handpiece round bur) to access cavity

slow handpiece round burs to remove caries, angled in all directions

83
Q

what parts of class III cavity are undercut and why

A

incisal point, gingival point.. these are created naturally when caries is removed at the EDJ. not recommended to be placed intentionally

84
Q

4 ways to increase retention in class III cavity

A
  • acid etching enamel surfaces
  • total etch (–> bonding to enamel and dentine)
  • bevelling of enamel margins –> larger surface area
  • retention grooves
85
Q

what happens during

a. 30s enamel etch
b. 15s dentine etch

A

a. 30s enamel etch: micromechanical bonding by formation of 40um? pores
b. 15s dentine etch: removes calcified tissue, leaves collagen fibres for hybrid layer

86
Q

advantages of bevelling enamel margins 4

A
  • provides large sa for bonding
  • reduces microleakage
  • cross-cuts prisms, better etch pattern
  • blends composite in to surrounding tooth surface (no distinct finish line, better aesthetics)
87
Q

disadvantages of bevelled enamel margins 4

A
  • increased cavity size

- damage to :adjacent teeth, gingivae, rubber dam

88
Q

when should bevelled enamel margins be considered

A

where labial margin of cavity is visible and damage to adjacent tooth/supporting structures is minimal

89
Q

3 poss linings for class III cavity

A
  • light-cured GIC
  • setting calcium hydroxide
  • total etch and resin alone (bc of small cavity size and dentine tubules sealed by bonding agent)
90
Q

contents of

a. prime & bond
b. xeno
c. trim
d. bond for provisional ion crowns

A

a. prime & bond: (PP) penta, acetone, organic resins.
b. xeno: butanol solvent (newer, less volatile)
c. trim: polyisobutylmethacrylate (lower exoterm/ shrinkage than MMA)
d. bond for provisional ion crowns: zinc o-e (plus modifier paste, easy to remove)

91
Q

hema and penta

A

HEMA: methacrylate, allows light-cured GIC and bonding resins.
-In bonding resins, HEMA has low molecular weight and low viscosity  flows better om etched tooth surface
-allows covalent bonding with collagen  adds to final bond strength [NB Trim is higher molecular weight]
PENTA: phosphated ester of bis-GMA
-prime and bond xp and prime and bond NT. Penta (resin) left behind. Penta is polar  hydrophilic, forms ionic bonds with HA and penetrates tubules/ spaces around collagen

92
Q

define thixotropic. relevance

A

only flows when pressure applied

ideal property of impression materials

93
Q

when is dry dam used

A

anterior teeth

94
Q

where to use each rubber dam clamp

A

front: C,EW,L
middle: C,EW,L,DW
back: AW,BW,K

95
Q

common sites for fissure sealant

A

SAME AS FUNCTIONAL CUSPS

mandibular: buccal fissure
maxillary: palatal fissure

96
Q

types of fissure sealant

A

Type I: Sealant only
Type II: Composite and sealant
Type III: Glass ionomer and sealant
type IV: Glass ionomer and composite and sealant

97
Q

at what stage of caries should fissure sealant be used

A

enamel caries

98
Q

resin present in fissure sealant and function

A

bisGMA/ UDMA

isolates bacteria, stopping them using carbohydrates to produce acids

99
Q

relationship between intensity of light and distance from surface

A

intensity of light reduces by the square of the distance away from the surface
(eg 3mm–> 9x less intensity)

100
Q

difference between siqveland and tofflemire matrix band holders

A

tofflemire is bent and good for SUBGINGIVAL?

tofflemire holder can be removed separately from the band, less likely to fractre amalgam in EARs

101
Q

minimal light intensity of light cure

A

300mW/cm2

102
Q

what is plain cusp contour

A

in crown prep occlusal reduction: full width of fissure cut during occlusal reduction and same depth of enamel is cut in mesio-buccal direction to maintain gross anatomical contour (occlusal surface not flat)

103
Q

why is plain cusp contour important 2

A
  • structural rigidity

- ensures even thickness of gold –> less porosity in thinner layers, more accurate casting

104
Q

what has higher molecular weight: Trim or MMA?

A

trim

105
Q 
angle and why
and bur used to drill class III cavity
A

MESIAL. if come from distal/ right angles, more enamel removed from marginal ridge
520 small round bur (fast handpiece)

106
Q

what parts of class III cavity prep CAN have unsupported enamel and why

A

labial aspect- it is not subjected to occlusal forces (palatal surface is occluded with by mandibular teeth)

107
Q

risk of not lining class III cavity

A

resin in composite may hydrolyse over time (but dentine tubules should have been sealed by bond)

Restorative (5 decks)

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