CSI 11- Depression Flashcards
What is the DSM criteria for diagnosing depression
5 or more symptoms with at leasy one of the symptoms being a key symptom
Must be persistent on most days for 2 weeks.
Symptoms are:
what is framework for assesing pt with mental health conditions (like depression) on whether they are at most risk.
always ask about THOUGHTS and ACTIONS
what is parasuicide
Taking your own life WITHOUT THE INTENTION OF IT.
Explain the biopsychosocial model for the aetiology of depression.
draw the diagram wiht examples
The mind and the body are not independent and separate things but rather are connected and interdependent things
What affects the body will often affect the mind; and vice versa
in how many pts with depression is serotonin present in
onlky 50% in which there’s a low amount.
there are clinical history to fall back on
Using the adverse childhood experience model, which condtions/living states are they STATISTICALLY more likely to develop?
- Binge drinking
- Heavy drinking
- Current smoking status
- High risk HIV incidence
- Depression
- Disability caused by poor mental health
- Use of special equipment due to disability
in research what kind of bias must we look for and why?
Bias camn occur anywhere from study design to colleciton, analysis and publicaiton of data.
E.g are:
- confirmation
- recall
- selection bias
Below is a serotonin neuron, give the number and what they do
- SSRI- most common
- Post synaptic serotonin receptor agonist
- Tryptophan hydroxylase inhbitor- DOES NOT HELP WITH DEPRESSION
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
- Serotonin auto-receptor antagonist- decrease serotonin release normally due to negative feedback.
Anti-depressant drugs try to increase serotonin receptors in synaptic cleft
What does a TCA do?
it inhibits reuptake of serotonin AND Noradrenaline and hence has worse side effects than SSRI.
Give examples of mechanistic antidpressant drugs
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOAIs)
- TCAs
- SSRI
- NDRI
- Noradrenaline and dopamine releasing agents
- SNRI
What do studies say is the relationship between glutamate and depression.
How about the hippocampus ?
Low glutamate associated with depression
hippocampus- it reduces with depression, serotonin increases it but it takes time. Hence pt won’t feel better for sometime after taking the drugs.
What crucial information must pts know who are going on antidepressant drugs
what do you give pts who are resistant to normal antidepressants drugs
ACT (assessment and commitment therapy)
KETAMINE (faster timing of effects and it’s an anti-depressant): glutamate NMDA receptor blocker
Why are the 6-8 weeks after starting antidepressants crucial;
The drugs are starting to work at this time and as they are coming out of this mental state, this is the time period where they could start having suicidal tendencies.
It is important to monitor and ASK questions
Explain the concept of social prescribing
What could you get from the video of Am?
- fiddling with hoodies
- stay away from friends
- self harm thoughts
- eats too much when low
what is CBT?
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of talking treatment which focuses on how your thoughts, beliefs and attitudes affect your feelings and behaviour, and teaches you coping skills for dealing with different problems.
Combines:
cognitive therapy, examining the things you think
behaviour therapy, examining the things you do.
What other mental health issues can CBT be used to treat?
anxiety, depression, bipolar, OCD or schizophrenia.
what theory is CBT based on?
if you have negative thioughts then it’d affect your behaviour. it can elad to a vicious cycle.
what questions are asked to get a sense of Adverse childhood experience?
Whats Amy pt persona
- likes art
- likes fried chicken
- takes 40mg citalopram a day and sumotriptan for migraines
- locket- from dead grand-mum
- exercise
