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Neuroanatomy > CSF, Ventricles and Meninges > Flashcards

CSF, Ventricles and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricles lined with

A

Ependyma

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2
Q

Ependyma

A

Modified epithelium that produces CSF

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3
Q

The ventricular system is filled with

A

CSF

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4
Q

Ventricular system empties into

A

Subarachnoid space

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5
Q

CSF functions = 3

A

1) immune
2) autoregulation of cerebral blood flow
3) allow brain to float and reduce weight (1500 - 50g)

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6
Q

CSF produced by

A

60% choroid plexus
30% capillary seepage
10% water from metabolism

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7
Q

CSF = 7 points

A

1) It is an ultrafiltrate of plasma that diffuses passively through the ependyma-glial membrane lining the ventricles, passing through the extracellular spaces of the hemispheres, bathing neurons and neuroglia to diffuse out through the pia-glial membrane on the surface, and into the subarachnoid space
2) It ‘rinses’ the metabolic waste from the central nervous system through the blood–brain barrier
3) Its composition is similar to extracellular fluid - inorganic salts, 280-300 mosm/kg H2O; glucose, 50-80mg/dL; trace protein, 15-40mg/dL
4) Its total volume is 150ml, but its daily output is 550ml, therefore if circulation is blocked, pressure builds up rapidly
5) At any one time there is 30ml of CSF in the ventricular system and 100ml in the subarachnoid space
6) It accounts for 15% of brain volume
7) Cerebrospinal fluid also circulates through the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space before passing through the arachnoid villi, into the dural venous sinuses

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8
Q

Choroid plexus

A

network of blood capillary invaginated into ventricle, and site of CSF production

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9
Q

Layers of choroid plexus

A

capillary, pia and ependyma

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10
Q

Location of choroid plexus in each ventricle

A

These capillaries invaginate through the choroid fissure for the lateral ventricles, through the posterior wall of the 3rd ventricle and through the foramina of Luschka of the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere contains

A

a lateral ventricle

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12
Q

Each lateral ventricle resembles

A

a C-shaped structure that begins at an inferior horn in the temporal lobe, travels through a body in the parietal lobe and frontal lobe, and ultimately terminates at the interventricular foramina where each lateral ventricle connects to the central third ventricle

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13
Q

Lat ventricle pos and ant horns

A

a posterior horn extends backward into the occipital lobe, and an anterior horn extends farther into the frontal lobe

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14
Q

A single midline 3rd ventricle is located

A

between the subcortical nuclei (in the diencephalon)

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15
Q

A single midline 4th ventricle

A

is located in the brain stem

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16
Q

Connecting the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle are two

A

interventricular foramina (of Monro)

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17
Q

Between the 3rd & 4th ventricles runs

A

the aqueduct of Sylvius (passing through the midbrain)

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18
Q

Linking the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space are

A

two lateral foramina (of Luschka) and one median foramen (of Magendie)

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19
Q

3rd ventricle location and contents

A

This is a slit-like central chamber between thalami and hypotahalami of each hemisphere
Its contents are CSF and the choroid plexus

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20
Q

3rd ventricle roof

A

fornix

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21
Q

3rd ventricle floor

A

tuber cinereum, mamillary bodies and upper midbrain

22
Q

3rd ventricle ant boundary

A

anterior commissure, lamina terminalis and optic chiasma

23
Q

3rd ventricle pos boundary

A

pineal gland and posterior commissure

24
Q

4 protrusions on 3rd ventricle

A

ant sup = supraoptic recess
ant inf = infundibular recess
pos sup = suprapineal recess
pos inf = pineal recess

25
Q

4th ventricle relations

A

This is a tent-shaped space between the pons and medulla anteriorly, and the cerebellum posteriorly.
It communicates inferiorly with the central canal of the medulla oblongata
It communicates superiorly with the aqueduct of Sylvius.
The ‘floor’ (anterior wall) of the 4th ventricle has many cranial nerve nuclei near it

26
Q

4th ventricle foramen

A

Its foramina of Luschka and Magendie are the exit foramina for circulation of CSF between the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space

27
Q

Meninges layers and function

A

From superficial to deep they are: dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater
These layers have different functions; physical support, shock protection, CSF circulation and watertightness
The blood vessels which supply the brain run between these layers

28
Q

dura mater type, attachment, support, feature

A

Dense very strong fibrous membrane that is tightly
adherent to the endosteum of the skull and vertebral canal.
Dura supports the delicate arachnoid mater that is loosely adherent by a capillary layer of fluid, to its inner surface
The dura separates from the endosteum in places, to form venous sinuses, to allow passage of arteries, and to send reflections into the fissures of the brain, which stabilize and support the brain

29
Q

3 dural reflections

A

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli

30
Q

falx cerebri

A

which extends in a saggital arc from the crista galli anteriorly, to the internal occipital protuberance in the posterior fossa, and protects the hemispheres from torsional forces

31
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

runs between the transverse sinus laterally and the crest of the petrous part of the temporal bone anteriorly, on each side, leaving a central gap for the brain stem.
It supports the weight of the occipital lobes

32
Q

falx cerebelli

A

extends from the internal occipital protuberance along the occipital crest to the foramen magnum

33
Q

Arachnoid mater = 5 points

A

1) This is a very delicate membrane between the dura and pia
2) It functions as a ‘CSF-proof’ brain covering, but it needs the dura mater outside it, for support
3) It does not extend into the sulci (but does into the median longitudinal fissure)
4) It is separated from the pia by the subarachnoid space, through which ‘web-like’ (hence arachnoid!) trabeculae pass, to attach to the pia (CSF also circulates through this space and through the ventricles)
5) The cranial nerves pierce the arachnoid as they exit the skull foramina

34
Q

Subdural space

A

There is a potential space between it and the dura (the subdural space) into which venous blood may leak, with a thin film of lymph occupying it normally

35
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

1) The arachnoid herniates into the dural venous sinuses in places, as the arachnoid villi
2) Here CSF oozes back into the venous circulation, ‘pushed’ by hydrostatic pressure, and ‘pulled’ by osmotic pressure

36
Q

Subarachnoid cisterns = 5

A
    • Between the contours of the brain and skull are several larger spaces called subarachnoid cisterns, acting as reservoirs for CSF
    • These are the cerebello-medullary cistern (cisterna magna), the pontine cistern, the interpeduncular cistern and the chiasmatic cistern
37
Q

Pia mater = 5 points

A

1) This is the innermost of the three layers.
2) It is a fibrous layer closely applied to the brain surface.
3) It contains blood vessels which enter and exit the brain. It sends a sleeve to surround blood vessels entering and leaving the brain, that forms part of the blood brain barrier
4) It is prolonged over the exiting cranial nerves and spinal nerve roots to fuse with their fibrous epineurium
5) The pia of the spinal cord projects laterally as the denticulate ligaments which attach to the spinal dura mater

38
Q

supratentorial part of the dura and the upper surface of the tentorium itself innervation

A

ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

39
Q

ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

A

supratentorial part of the dura and the upper surface of the tentorium itself innervation

40
Q

anterior cranial fossa is also supplied to a lesser degree by the

A

anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalmic nerve

41
Q

anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalmic nerve

A

anterior cranial fossa is also supplied to a lesser degree by the

42
Q

anterior part of the middle cranial fossa

A

maxillary nerve

43
Q

maxillary nerve

A

anterior part of the middle cranial fossa

44
Q

posterior part of the middle cranial fossa

A

meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (nervus spinosus)

45
Q

meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (nervus spinosus)

A

posterior part of the middle cranial fossa

46
Q

undersurface of tentorium cerebelli

A

Meningeal branches of the 9th CN (glossopharyngeal)

47
Q

Meningeal branches of the 9th CN (glossopharyngeal)

A

undersurface of tentorium cerebelli

48
Q

upper part of the bony posterior fossa

A

Meningeal branches of the 10th cranial nerve - vagus

49
Q

Meningeal branches of the 10th cranial nerve - vagus

A

upper part of the bony posterior fossa

50
Q

dura around the foramen magnum

A

upper three spinal nerves

51
Q

major blood supply to the meninges

A

middle meningeal branch of the maxillary artery that enters the skull through the foramen spinosum

52
Q

meninges also supplied by (blood)

A

meningeal branches of the ophthalmic, anterior ethmoidal, internal carotid and vertebral arteries, locally

Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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