Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUBF > CSF > Flashcards

CSF Flashcards

1
Q

how much csf do adults produce

A

20 mL per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

where is the CSF produced

A

choroid plexuses of the two lumbar ventricles 3rd and 4th ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the csf flow

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the subarachnoid located

A

between arachnoid and pia matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

volume of csf in adults

A

90-150ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

volume of csf in neonates

A

10-60ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do the bodies maintain the fluid?

A

circulating fluid is reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the fluid being reabsorbed

A

arachnoid granulations/ villae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

are capillary networks that form the CSF from plasma by mechanism of selective filtration under hydrostatic pressure and transport secretion

A

choroid plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tight fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the choroid plexuses is termed

A

blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the procedure for obtaining CSF

A

lumbar puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the contraindication of this procedure

A

presence of infection at the pucnture site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much volume of csf do we need for testing?

A

10-20ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

state the tubes for testing

A

chemistry serology
microbiology
hematology
additional tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if the sample is only enough for one tube what must be tested first?

A

microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tests are least affected by blood or bacteria introduced as a result of the tap procedure

A

chemical and serologic test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mode of preservation for chemical and serologic test

A

freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mode of preservation of sample for microbiology

A

room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

least likely to contain cells introduced by the spinal tap procedure

A

cell count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mode of preservation of the specimen for cell count

A

refrigerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

provides better exclusion of skin contamination

A

microbiology and additional serologic test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

appearance of the csf specimen is normal (interpret)

A

crystal clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

csf appearance is hazy, turbid, milky, cloudy what are the possible causes?

A

wbcs
microorganism
protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

clinical significance of the csf specimen that is appeared to be hazy, turbid, milky, cloudy

A

meningitis
disorders that affect blood brain barrier
production of IgG within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

csf specimen appearance is bloody what are the causes?

A

rbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

clinical significance of csf specimen that appears to be bloody

A

hemorrhage
traumatic tap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

csf specimen appears to be clotted what are the causes?

A

protein
clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

clinical signficance of csf appeared to be clotted

A

disorders affecting blood brain barrier
introduced by traumatic tap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

appearance of csf appears to be xanthochromic what are the causes?

A

hemoglobin
bilirubin
carotene
protein
melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

clinical significance of xanthochromic appearance

A

old hemorrhage
lysed cells from traumatic tap
(rbc degredation, elevated serum bilirubin levels)
disorders affecting blood brain barrier
meningeal menalosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

csf specimen appears to be pellicle what are the causes?

A

protein
clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

clinical significance of pellicle appearance of csf sample

A

disorders that affect the blood brain barrier
tubercular meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

bloody csf can be a indication of

A

intracranial haemorrhage
puncture of blood vessel during spinal tap (traumatic tap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the distribution of blood under traumatic tap

A

uneven
1st container greatest
3rd tube no blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the distribution of blood under intercranial hemorrhage

A

even distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

clot formation under traumatic tap

A

introduction of fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

clot formation under intracranial hemorrhage

A

not enough fibrinogen to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

xanthochromic supernatant under traumatic tap

A

clear supernatant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

xanthochromic supernatant under intercranial hemorrhage

A

rbcs stay in the csf for 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

rbcs stays for 2 hours in the csf under xanthochromic supernatant what is the back up test?

A

d-dimer test
microscopic finding of erythrophagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

all diluents should be checked biweekly for contamination (true or false)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the speed of the centrifuge should be checked monthly with a tachometer (true or false)

A

false (cytocentrifuge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

if non disposable counting chambers are used they must be soaked in a?

A

bactericidal solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how many minutes do we have to soak the counting chambers?

A

15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

cell count of csf must be performed immediately (true or false)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How many are wbcs in a csf

A

0-5 / uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

number of wbcs or rbcs that may appear clear

A

200 wbc
400 rbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is the standard calculation used for csf cell count

A

neubauer calculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

wbc count dilution used

A

3% glacial hac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

purpose of 3% glacial hac

A

lyses rbc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what stain is used added to the diluting fluid for wbc count

A

methylene blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

this stain differentiates neutrophils and mononuclear cells

A

methylene blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what stain is used for differential count

A

wright stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

specimen should be concentrated prior to the preparation of the smear. what are the procedures recommended?

A

sedimentation
filtration
centrifugation
cytocentrifugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

routine procedure used for differential count

A

cytocentrifugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

how many minutes do we have to cytocentrifuge the specimen?

A

5-10 minutes

56
Q

manner of reporting for differential count

A

report in percentage

57
Q

if <100 cells are counted how do we report it?

A

report only the number of the cell types seen

58
Q

lymphocytes clinical significance

A

normal
viral
tubercular
fungal
mengitis
multiple sclerosis

59
Q

neutrophils clinical significance

A

bacterial meningitis
early cases of: viral, tubercular, fungal meningitis
cerebral hemorrhage

60
Q

microscopic finding of neutrophils

A

granules may be less prominent than in blood
cells disintegrate rapidly

61
Q

monocytes clinical significance

A

normal
viral
tubercular
fungal meningitis
multiple sclerosis

62
Q

microscopic finding of monocytes

A

found mixed with lymphocytes

63
Q

macrophages clinical significance

A

rbcs in the spinal fluid
contrast media

64
Q

may contain phagocytized rbcs appearing as empty vacuoles or ghost cells, hemosiderin granules and hematoidin crystals

A

macrophages

65
Q

blast forms clinical significance

A

acute leukemia

66
Q

microscopic findings of blast form

A

lymphoblasts
myeloblast
monoblast

67
Q

plasma cells clinical significance

A

multiple sclerosis
lymphocyte reactions

68
Q

microscopic findings of plasma cells

A

traditional and classic forms seen

69
Q

what are the non pathologically significant cells

A

choroidal cells
ependymal cells
spindle shaped cells

70
Q

what are the malignant cells

A

lymphoblast
myeloblast
monoblast
lymphoma cells

71
Q

non hematological cells

A

astrocytoma
retinoblastoma
medulloblastoma

72
Q

these cells are form the epithelial lining of the choroid plexus

A

choroidal cells

73
Q

these cells are seen singularly and in clumps

A

choroidal cells

74
Q

nucleoli is usually____ and have a _____ appreance

A

absent
uniform

75
Q

these cells are form the lining of the ventricles and neural canal

A

ependymal cells

76
Q

these cells have less defined cell membranes and are frequently seen in clusters

A

ependymal cells

77
Q

in ependymal cells the nucleoli are often____

A

present

78
Q

these cells represent the lining cells from the arachnoid

A

spindle shaped cells

79
Q

they are usually seen in clusters and may be seen with systemic malignancies

A

spindle shaped cells

80
Q

normal value of csf protein in adults

A

15-45 mg/dl

81
Q

normal value of csf protein in infants

A

150 mg/dl

82
Q

normal value of csf proteins in immature

A

500 mg/dl

83
Q

csf proteins are increased by?

A
  • damage to blood brain barrier:
    meningitis
    hemorrhage
  • production of Igs in CNS:
    multiple sclerosis
84
Q

csf proteins are decreased in

A

csf leakage

85
Q

what is the major csf protein

A

albumin

86
Q

2nd major csf protein

A

prealbumin

87
Q

what are the a-globulins

A

haptoglobulin
ceruloplasmin

88
Q

what are the b-globulin

A

b - transferrin

89
Q

what are the y-globulins

A

IgG
IgA

90
Q

what are the immunoglobulins that are not found in the csf

A

IgM
fibrinogen
lipids

91
Q

carbohydrates are found in csf but not in serum (true or false)

A

true

92
Q

2nd most prevalent faction in csf protein

A

prealbumin

93
Q

protein that is unique to the csf (carbohydrate deficient transferrin)

A

tau protein

94
Q

what chemistry test is used for detecting;
damage to blood brain barrier
prod of ig within the CNS
decreased clearance of normal protein
degeneration of neural tissue

A

CSF protein

95
Q

what chemistry test is used for determining causative agents in meningitis
increased neutrophils
increased lymphocytes

A

glucose

96
Q

blood glucose is drawn ____ prior to the spinal tap

A

2 hours

97
Q

normal value of glucose in csf

A

60%-70%

98
Q

decrease of glucose
increased neutrophils

A

bacterial

99
Q

decrease of glucose
increased lymphocyte

A

tubercular

100
Q

no. of glucose + increased lymphocyte

A

viral

101
Q

what are the tests for csf total protein determination

A

turbidimetric
nephelometry
dye binding

102
Q

if CHON binds to dye what color is the product

A

red to blue

103
Q

increased blue color in dye binding indicates what?

A

increased protein

104
Q

what are the tests for protein fractions in csf determination

A

csf/serum albumin index
IgG indexc

105
Q

less than___ represents an intact blood brain barrier

A

9

106
Q

index of ____ indicates complete blood brain barrier

A

100

107
Q

this test is correlated to degree of damage

A

csf/serum albumin index

108
Q

this test is for the assessment of conditions with IgG production within the CNS

A

IgG Index

109
Q

_____ indicative of IgG production within the CNS

A

0.70

110
Q

this test is for detection of oligoclonal bands in the g-region

A

electrophoresis

111
Q

oligoconal bands in the g region is an indicative of?

A

IgG production

112
Q

presence of 2 or more oligoclonal bands in the CSF but not with serum is valuable for diagnosis of?

A

multiple sclerosis

113
Q

protein component of lipid-protein complex that insulates the nerve fibers

A

myelin basic protein

114
Q

presence of myelin basic protein indicates?

A

destruction of myelin sheaths

115
Q

values of lactate in bacterial, tubercular, fungal meningitis

A

> 25 mg/dl

116
Q

value of lactate in bacterial

A

> 35 mg/dl

117
Q

value of lactate in viral meningitis

A

<25 mg/dl

118
Q

destruction of tissue within the CNS owing to oxygen deprivation

A

hypoxia

119
Q

hypoxia causes the production of

A

increased CSF lactic acid levels

120
Q

this test is for diagnosing and management of meningitis cases

A

lactate test

121
Q

this test is used to monitor severe head injuries

A

lactate test

122
Q

normal value of glutamine

A

8-18 mg/dl

123
Q

this test is frequently requested for px with coma of unknown origin

A

glutamine

124
Q

value of glutamine for px with coma of unknown origin

A

> 35 mg/dl

125
Q

provides an indirect test for the presence of excess ammonia in the csf

A

glutamine test

126
Q

test for fungal meningitis

A

india ink preparation
gram stain

127
Q

appearance of C. neoformans in gram stain

A

starburst pattern

128
Q

24 hours of culture

A

for bacterial

129
Q

6 weeks of culture

A

for tubercular

130
Q

common causative agent bacterial meningitis (birth to 1 month)

A

S. agalactiae

131
Q

1 month to 5 y/o bacterial menigitis causative agent

A

H. influenza

132
Q

5-29 yrs old bacterial menigitis causative agent

A

N. meningitides

133
Q

> 29 years old

A

S. pneumonia

134
Q

infants, elderly, immunocompromised

A

L. monocytogenes

135
Q

can provide a rapid method for detecting C. neoformans

A

lateral flow assay

136
Q

test for syphilis.

A

Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption

137
Q

rapid plasma regain (RPR) test is not recommended because it is less sensitive than the VDRL (true or false)

A

true

138
Q

Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL)-

A

neurosyphilis

AUBF (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions