CSF

Question 1

What are the three layers of meninges?

Answer 1

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 2

CFS is produced by the?

Answer 2

Choroid plexuses of the two lumbar ventricles and the third and fourth ventricles

Question 3

In adults, approximately ______ of fluid is produced every hour

Answer 3

20 mL

Question 4

What is the normal volume of CSF in adults?

Answer 4

90 to 150 mL

Question 5

What is the normal volume of CSF in neonates?

Answer 5

10 to 60 mL

Question 6

It reabsorbs the circulating fluid back into the blood capillaries at a rate equal to its production

Answer 6

arachnoid granulations/villae

Question 7

They act as one-way valves that respond to pressure within the central nervous system (CNS) and prevent reflux of the fluid

Answer 7

Cells of the arachnoid granulations

Question 8

These are capillary networks that form the CSF from plasma by mechanisms of selective filtration under hydrostatic pressure and active transport secretion

Answer 8

choroid plexuses

Question 9

This is a very tight-fitting junctures that prevent the passage of many
molecules

Answer 9

blood–brain barrier

Question 10

CSF is routinely collected by lumbar puncture between the?

Answer 10

third, fourth, or fifth lumbar vertebra

Question 11

This tube is used for chemical and serologic tests because these tests are least affected by blood or bacteria introduced as a result of the tap procedure

Answer 11

Tube 1

Question 12

This tube is usually designated for the microbiology Laboratory

Answer 12

Tube 2

Question 13

This tube is used for the cell count because it is the least likely to contain cells introduced by the spinal tap procedure

Answer 13

Tube 3

Question 14

A fourth tube may be drawn for the _____________ to better exclude skin contamination or for additional ____________.

Answer 14

microbiology laboratory & serologic tests, respectively

Question 15

If it is not possible to perform tests STAT, the CSF specimen for hematology must be?

Answer 15

refrigerated

Question 16

If it is not possible to perform tests STAT, the CSF specimen for chemistry and serology must be?

Answer 16

frozen

Question 17

If it is not possible to perform tests STAT, the CSF specimen for microbiology must be?

Answer 17

remained at room temperature

Question 18

It can be the result of an increased protein or lipid concentration, but also be indicative of infection

Answer 18

Cloudy, turbid, or milky specimen

Question 19

If only one tube can be collected, it must be tested first by?

Answer 19

microbiology

Question 20

It is not unusual for cell counts requested to be performed on both ______ and ______ to check for cellular contamination by the puncture

Answer 20

Tubes 1 and Tube 4. respectively

Question 21

It is a term used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink, orange, or yellow.

Answer 21

Xanthochromia

Question 22

The most common cause of xanthochromia is?

Answer 22

Presence of RBC degradation products

Question 23

A xanthochromic color due to a very slight amount of oxyhemoglobin

Answer 23

Pink

Question 24

A xanthochromic color due to heavy hemolysis

Answer 24

Orange

Question 25

A xanthochromic color due to the conversion of oxyhemoglobin to unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 25

Yellow

Question 26

Other causes of xanthochromia aside from RBC degradation include:

Answer 26

elevated serum bilirubin, presence of the pigment
carotene, increased protein concentrations,
melanoma pigment, and bilirubin
due to immature liver function

Question 27

This can be an indication of intracranial hemorrhage, but it may also be due to the puncture of a blood vessel during the spinal tap procedure

Answer 27

Grossly bloody CSF