Cset Spanish 3 Flashcards
Elective bilingualism
majority member learning second language without losing first languages
Circumstantial bilingualism
learning language to survive
Language skills
observable, clearly defined components of language
Language competence
inner, mental representation of language
Language performance
outward evidence of language competence
Language achievement
outcome of formal instruction
Balanced bilingual
someone who is equally competent in two languages
Semilingual
someone who does not have total competency in either language
Oracy
Receptive skill: listening, Productive skill: speaking
Literacy
Receptive skill: reading, Productive skill: writing
Diglossia
two languages in a community
Holistic view of bilingualism
bilingual doesn’t equal two monolinguals in one person, can’t measure against native speaker. Different languages in different contexts
Simultaneous language acquisition
acquires both languages at the same time and prior to the age of 3
Codeswitching
moving back and forth between registers, dialects, or languages. change languages at phrase level
lexical gaps
refers to those people whose experiences are not well represented by their language and therefore have difficulties expressing their thoughts and feelings verbally
Language loss
decline in speaker’s first language proficiency while a second language is being learned
Codemixing
changing languages at word level
Language borrowing
foreign words that have become permanent part of recipient language. part of continuum of codeswitching
Language interference
pejorative term for borrowing between languages
Translanguaging
hearing/reading a lesson/passage in one language and the development of the work in another. Promotes more thorough understanding
language brokers
people who translate and sometimes transform ideas into socially acceptable terms
Bilingual Dual Coding Model
people have two separate language systems for each language then share a separate non-verbal system that is shared by both
Convergent thinking
IQ tests, force students to converge onto one answer
Divergent thinking
ability for person to come up with multiple answers to a problem (more creative thinkers)
Metalinguistic awareness
the ability to think about the nature and functions of language
Communicative sensitivity
awareness of social nature and communicative functions of language (when to use which language, etc.). Allows bilinguals to correct errors faster and understand needs of listener
Separate underlying proficiency
idea that languages constitute two “balloons” in the brain and there’s only so much room for both of them. Incorrect - languages share
Common underlying proficiency
both languages operate through the same central processing system
Threshold theory
idea that the further the child moves to balanced bilingualism, the more likely cognitive advantages exist. 1st threshold: enough proficiency to avoid negative effects.
2nd threshold: enough for advantages to exist
Basic Interpersonal communicative skills
occurs when there are contextual supports and props to support language (functional meaning)
Cognitive/academic language proficiency
context reduced situations: pronunciation, grammar, vocab
Additive bilingualism
learn second language with little pressure to replace/remove first
Subtractive language acquisition
includes pressure to replace or demote first language
Acculturation
language learner is adapting to new culture - degree to which new language is gained depends on degree to which person integrates self into new culture
