Cset Spanish 3

Question 1

Elective bilingualism

Answer 1

majority member learning second language without losing first languages

Question 2

Circumstantial bilingualism

Answer 2

learning language to survive

Question 3

Language skills

Answer 3

observable, clearly defined components of language

Question 4

Language competence

Answer 4

inner, mental representation of language

Question 5

Language performance

Answer 5

outward evidence of language competence

Question 6

Language achievement

Answer 6

outcome of formal instruction

Question 7

Balanced bilingual

Answer 7

someone who is equally competent in two languages

Question 8

Semilingual

Answer 8

someone who does not have total competency in either language

Question 9

Oracy

Answer 9

Receptive skill: listening, Productive skill: speaking

Question 10

Literacy

Answer 10

Receptive skill: reading, Productive skill: writing

Question 11

Diglossia

Answer 11

two languages in a community

Question 12

Holistic view of bilingualism

Answer 12

bilingual doesn’t equal two monolinguals in one person, can’t measure against native speaker. Different languages in different contexts

Question 13

Simultaneous language acquisition

Answer 13

acquires both languages at the same time and prior to the age of 3

Question 14

Codeswitching

Answer 14

moving back and forth between registers, dialects, or languages. change languages at phrase level

Question 15

lexical gaps

Answer 15

refers to those people whose experiences are not well represented by their language and therefore have difficulties expressing their thoughts and feelings verbally

Question 16

Language loss

Answer 16

decline in speaker’s first language proficiency while a second language is being learned

Question 17

Codemixing

Answer 17

changing languages at word level

Question 18

Language borrowing

Answer 18

foreign words that have become permanent part of recipient language. part of continuum of codeswitching

Question 19

Language interference

Answer 19

pejorative term for borrowing between languages

Question 20

Translanguaging

Answer 20

hearing/reading a lesson/passage in one language and the development of the work in another. Promotes more thorough understanding

Question 21

language brokers

Answer 21

people who translate and sometimes transform ideas into socially acceptable terms

Question 22

Bilingual Dual Coding Model

Answer 22

people have two separate language systems for each language then share a separate non-verbal system that is shared by both

Question 23

Convergent thinking

Answer 23

IQ tests, force students to converge onto one answer

Question 24

Divergent thinking

Answer 24

ability for person to come up with multiple answers to a problem (more creative thinkers)

Question 25

Metalinguistic awareness

Answer 25

the ability to think about the nature and functions of language

Question 26

Communicative sensitivity

Answer 26

awareness of social nature and communicative functions of language (when to use which language, etc.). Allows bilinguals to correct errors faster and understand needs of listener

Question 27

Separate underlying proficiency

Answer 27

idea that languages constitute two “balloons” in the brain and there’s only so much room for both of them. Incorrect - languages share

Question 28

Common underlying proficiency

Answer 28

both languages operate through the same central processing system

Question 29

Threshold theory

Answer 29

idea that the further the child moves to balanced bilingualism, the more likely cognitive advantages exist. 1st threshold: enough proficiency to avoid negative effects.
2nd threshold: enough for advantages to exist

Question 30

Basic Interpersonal communicative skills

Answer 30

occurs when there are contextual supports and props to support language (functional meaning)

Question 31

Cognitive/academic language proficiency

Answer 31

context reduced situations: pronunciation, grammar, vocab

Question 32

Additive bilingualism

Answer 32

learn second language with little pressure to replace/remove first

Question 33

Subtractive language acquisition

Answer 33

includes pressure to replace or demote first language

Question 34

Acculturation

Answer 34

language learner is adapting to new culture - degree to which new language is gained depends on degree to which person integrates self into new culture