CSET (Blue Book) Practice Flashcards
What is a Vector Quantity?
A quantity with both magnitude and direction.
Examples include displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
What is a Displacement Vector?
A vector pointing from starting position (xi) to final position (xf).
Formula: Δx = xf - xi.
Calculate Δx when moving from x=-5 to x=5.
Δx = 10m.
Δx = 5 - (-5) = 10m.
Difference between Distance and Displacement?
Distance is total path length traveled; Displacement is straight-line distance with direction from start to finish.
What is Average Velocity?
Change of position over time, calculated as v_avg = (xf - xi) / (tf - ti).
What is Instantaneous Velocity?
Measured at a specific instant, found using a tangent line on a position vs. time graph.
What does Newton’s First Law state?
An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion at constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
What is Inertia?
The tendency of objects to resist changes in motion.
What does Newton’s Second Law state?
Acceleration depends on net force applied and mass of the object, expressed as F = ma.
What does Newton’s Third Law state?
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the force of gravity on Earth?
9.81 m/s².
What is the equation for Force of Gravity?
Fg = mg.
What is Work?
Work occurs when a force is applied, causing displacement.
What is the Work Equation?
W = Fd cos(θ).
Define Positive Work.
When energy is added to an object, happening when force and displacement are in the same direction.
Define Negative Work.
When energy is removed from an object, happening when force and displacement are in opposite directions.
What is Power?
A scalar quantity that represents the rate at which work is done.
What are the equations for Power?
P_avg = W/t and P = Fv.
What is Kinetic Energy (KE)?
Energy due to motion, expressed as KE = (1/2) mv².
What is Potential Energy (PE)?
Energy stored due to position, with equations PE_gravity = mgh and PE_spring = (1/2) kx².
What is the Work-Energy Theorem?
When work is applied to an object, its kinetic energy will increase or decrease depending on the direction of the force.
What does the Work-Energy Theorem Equation state?
W = ΔKE = KE_f - KE_i.
What are Conservative Forces?
Forces where energy is conserved within a system, independent of the path taken.
What are Non-Conservative Forces?
Forces where energy is lost to the surroundings, dependent on the path taken.
What is Momentum?
A vector quantity that measures an object’s motion, expressed as p = mv.
What is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem?
Impulse is the cause of a change in momentum, expressed as J = FΔt = Δp = mΔv.
What characterizes Elastic Collisions?
Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
What is the equation for Elastic Collisions?
(1/2)m1v1² + (1/2)m2v2² = (1/2)m1v1’² + (1/2)m2v2’².
What characterizes Inelastic Collisions?
Momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is lost as heat or sound.
What is the equation for Inelastic Collisions?
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’.
What characterizes Perfectly Inelastic Collisions?
Maximum kinetic energy is lost, and objects stick together.
What is the equation for Perfectly Inelastic Collisions?
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v’.
