CSET Flashcards
To study for the ELD CSET
Casteñeda v. Picard
1981 - the court decision established a three-part assessment for determining how bilingual education programs would be held responsible for meeting the requirements of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974.
3-part assessment for bilingual education (Casteñeda v. Picard)
- The bilingual education program must be “based on sound educational theory.”
- The program must be “implemented effectively with resources for personnel, instructional materials, and space.”
- After a trial period, the program must be proven effective in overcoming language barriers/handicaps.
Proposition 227
1998 - CA bans bilingual education
Advanced
Bridging - refers to Ss at the advanced level. The bridge refers to the transition to full engagement in grade-level academic tasks and activities in a variety of content areas without the need of ELD instruction.
Content based ELD
Focused instruction designed to develop EL’s academic language proficiency in English using high priority topics from the core curriculum. ELD is the main focus of instruction.
Crosslinguistic Influence
Refers to the ways in which different language systems interact in a language learner’s mind and affect the learner’s language development and/or performance.
Interlinguistic language transfer
A key component of crosslinguistic influence in which a language learner applies knowledge of L1 to L2. Language transfer can be positive or negative.
Crosslinguistic resource sharing
A model do second language reading development that contends that language “mapping” occurs between the first and second language.
Metalingustic awareness
The ability to reflect on the nature of language, it is also transferable, providing language learners with supports in formulating reliable connections between spoken language elements and graphic symbols in the new language.
Language transfer
Occurs when competencies and reading skills are transferred from L1 to L2.
Diglossia
Refers to the existence of 2 languages or language varieties within a community that are used widely for different functions in different social contexts. One language variety is typically the standard language used in contexts such as government, education, and media, while the other language variety is likely to be less formal and be used typically in everyday contexts with family and friends.
Emerging
Ss at the beginning level of ELD
ELM
English Language Mainstream - one of 3 program options for ELs in CA. For Ss who have acquired reasonable fluency as defined by the school district. In addition to ELD, ELs continue to receive additional educational services to recoup academic deficiencies. Usually for high intermediate to advanced levels. Focus is on content.
ELPAC
English Language Proficiency Assessment for California - to replace CELDT - aligned to 2012 ELD Standards
Expanding
Ss at the intermediate level
Expressive Language
Productive language - a person’s use of language to communicate a message either orally or graphically (speaking and writing).
FEP
Fluent English Proficient
LEA
Local Educational Agency
LTEL
Long term English learner - an EL who is enrolled in grade 6-12, has been enrolled in schools in the US for more than 6 years, has remained at the same EL level for 2 or more consecutive years and scores far below basic or below basic on standards based tests.
Receptive Language
A person’s use of language to receive a message either aurally or visually (listening or reading)
RFEP
Reclassification/Redesignation - the local process used by LEAs to determine if a S has acquired sufficient English language proficiency to perform successfully in academic subjects without ELD support.
Scaffolding
The support offered Ss so they can successfully engage in academic activity beyond their current ability to perform independently. There are 2 aspects of pedagogical scaffolding: structure and process.
SDAIE
Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English - an approach to teach academic courses to ELs in English.
SEI
Structured English Immersion - one of 3 program options for ELs in CA. Defined as a classroom setting where English learners who have not yet acquired reasonable fluency in English, as defined by the school district, receive instruction thru an Eng. lang. process, in which nearly all instruction is in Eng., but designed for ELs.
Transnational Migration
Refers to a pattern of migration in which people settle and establish relations in a new country while maintaining ongoing social connections with the country from which they originated. They remain strongly influenced by their continuing ties to their country of origin and/or by social networks that stretch across national borders.
Underschooled Newcomers
Refers to ELs who have been in US schools for 4 or fewer years and arrived with both limited English proficiency and limited or interrupted formal schooling in the home country. They may have limited L1 literacy skills. They tend to perform significantly below grade level in the core subjects.
Well-Educated Newcomers
Refers to ELs who have been in US schools for 4 or fewer years and arrived with both limited English proficiency and a history of regular school attendance in the home country. They typically have well developed L1 literacy skills and may or may not have some level of English proficiency. They tend to acquire Eng. skills easier than underschooled newcomers.
Current trends, features, and causes of migration and immigration - push factors:
Lack of jobs, poverty; civil war, religious persecution; environmental problems (natural disasters); lack of health care; lack of educational opportunities
Current trends, features, and causes of migration and immigration - pull factors:
Hope for better employment, more money, more food, higher standard of living, encouragement from family and friends, better health care, religious tolerance
Secondary migration
When immigrants migrate a second time to a new place.
Trans- national migration
When migrants work, live and think of more than one country as home
Language variation
Variation between speakers or groups of speakers in a community that may include pronunciation, lexicon (word choice), or grammatical patterns
