CSE - 101 Flashcards
How many parts a computer system consists of ? What are they?
Computer systems have four parts
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– User
What is hardware?
Hardware is the mechanical and electrical part of a computer system which helps the user to interact with the computer. Such as monitor, keyboard, mouse etc.
What is software?
Software is an organized sequence of instructions that directs the functionality of a computer system to achieve a desired outcome.
What is data?
The Information stored and processed by a computer is called data.
Who is user?
A user is a person who utilizes a computer or network service is called user.
What are the steps of information processing cycle for a computer?
- Input
- Processing
- Output
- Storage/Distribute
Describe the information processing cycle of a computer.
Describe about processing device.
A processor, also known as a central processing unit (CPU), is the brain of a computer. Processors execute instructions fetched from memory and perform basic arithmetic, logic, and I/O operations. They also control the flow of data and manage other devices in the system. Processors are made up of billions of transistors that are arranged in complex circuits. These circuits work together to fetch, decode, and execute instructions. Processors are made of silicon and copper. Most computers have several processors
Describe about memory devices of a computer.
There are mainly two category of memory devices found in a computer:
1. Primary 2. Secondary
1. Primary: Primary memory devices are directly accessible by the processor. There are mainly two types of primary memory
i) RAM ii) ROM
RAM: RAM holds data of currently running program and systems. It is faster but has smaller capacity than secondary memory. It is volatile, which means the data is lost when the power is turned off.
ROM: ROM holds pre programmed data that cannot be changed by the user. It is used to hold essential program and settings which needs to be retained even when the power is turned off.
- Secondary: Secondary memory holds data that cannot be accessed by the processor directly. It has larger storage capacity but it is slower than primary storage device. Such as HDD and SSD.
Describe about the basic parts of a computer.
Monitor - displays information in visual form, using text and graphics.
- Keyboard - is used mainly for typing text into your
computer. Like the keyboard on a typewriter, it has
keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys.
- Mouse - is a small device used to point to and select
items on your computer screen.
- Modem - To connect your computer to the Internet,
you need a modem. A modem is a device that sends
and receives computer information over a telephone
line or high-speed cable.
What is BIOS?
BIOS is a type of ROM which is used to establish communication when the computer is first turned on.
What is caching?
Caching is the process of storing frequently used data in a extremely fast ram to access those data more quickly.
What is virtual memory?
Virtual memory is a space on a hard disk that is used to store temporary data and swap it in and out with ram.
What is motherboard?
Motherboard is a main circuit board which connects other internal components with each other.
What is power supply?
Power supply is a transformer that regulates electricity used by the computer.
What is hard disk?
Hard disk is a permanent storage device with large capacity which stores information such as programs and documents.
What is an operating system?
The basic software that helps the user to interact with the computer.
What is Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) controller?
IDE is the primary interface for the hard-drive CD-ROM and floppy disks.
What is Peripheral Components Interconnect (PCI) Bus?
PCI Bus is the most common way to connect additional components to the computer.
What is SCSI?
SCSI is a small computer interface which is a method to connect additional devices to the computer.
What is AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) ?
AGP is a very high speed connection used by the graphics card to interact with the computer.
Describe the characteristics of DRAM.
Dynamic ram chips needs to be re=energized. There are three types of DRAM:
1. SDRAM: Faster, use system clock.
2. DDR SDRAM: Transfer twice data for each clock.
3. Rambus DRAM: Use rambus channel, pipelining and parallel channels.
Describe the characteristics of SRAM.
Static RAM need not to be re-energize, uses transistors instead of capacitors. Cache uses SRAM technology.
What is Megnatoresistive RAM
Use magnetic pattern than electric charges. - More capacity, faster, consume less power
Explain the difference between SRAM and DRAM.
Lecture slide one page - 18
Describe about the parts of microprocessor or CPU.
Lecture slide one page - 21
Add 5,6 discuss about CPU instruction cycle.
What is a keyboard?
A keyboard is an input device that allows the user to input number, symbol and letters to the computer by pressing keys.
How a keyboard works?
When the user presses a key the keyboard closes a circuit and the controller sends a code to the CPU, the controller also notifies the operating system, the operating system then responds. The controller repeats the operation if the button is held.
What is a mouse?
The mouse is an input device which allows the user to point at an object in the monitor and give instruction by clicking on the buttons and scrolling the wheel of the mouse.
Describe the characteristics of optical mouse.
This type of mouse contains a small optical sensor mounted at the bottom illuminated by an LED light which can detect mouse movement and translates it into the cursor movement.
Describe the characteristics of gaming mouse.
Gaming mouse is a type of mouse which is manufactured specially and gaming. It contains extra buttons dedicated for gaming purpose, it also provides more accuracy, speed and also offers excellent ergonomics to minimize the chronic pain in arms , shoulders and hands.
Describe the characteristics of wireless mouse.
Wireless mouse don’t uses wire to connect with the computer. It emits wireless signal to the wireless receiver connected to the USB port of the computer. It uses battery or other charging device to get energy.
Describe the characteristics of laser mouse.
The laser mouse replaces the LED light of an optical mouse. It uses laser tip illuminator. It concentrates high power laser in one point which helps the mouse to detect even a subtle movement.
Describe the characteristics of trackball mouse.
Trackball mouse uses a fixed ball on the mouse which detects input by analyzing the motion of the ball. It can be used in most of the spaces like laser mouse as compared to other mouse.
Describe the characteristics of ergonomic mouse.
Ergonomic mouse is build specially for the user who suffers from chronic pains. It is also called vertical mouse due to it’s ergonomic position which helps the user to maintain their natural wrist and position thus it helps the user to avoid any discomfort.
Describe the characteristics of mechanical mouse.
Mechanical mouse also called a ball mouse contains a small plastic sphere in it’s bottom. The ball rolls when the mouse moves and sends signal providing the position of the mouse to the computer.
Describe the characteristics of pen mouse.
It is a pen shaped input device which allows the user to provide more controlled and precise input. It is mostly used by graphic designers, architects and other visual designers.
What are the benefits of a mouse?
– Pointer positioning is fast
– Menu interaction is easy
– Users can draw electronically
What are the techniques to avoid RSI?
– Sit up straight
– Have a padded wrist support
– Keep your arms straight
– Keyboard properly
– Take frequent breaks
