csd final Flashcards
Pitch
How high or low a person’s voice is
Fundamental Frequency
The measurement of the number of times a person’s vocal folds vibrate per second
Peristalsis
contractions in the esophagus that move the bolus down to the lower esophageal sphincter
Aspiration
food penetrates below the level of the vocal folds and goes into the trachea and enters the lungs
Epiglottis
Cartilage found in pharyngeal cavity and flips down to cover opening of larynx during swallowing
accent
the characteristics of speech or variations in pronunciation of a given language
Esophageal Speech
Alternative speaking method that traps air in the esophagus and “burps” to create vibration
Hard Glottal Attack
abrupt, hard start to speech
stuttering
breakdown in the forward flow of speech
dialect
refers to the rules you use to speak a given language
perceptual
in reference to voice, this is how we describe what we hear
papilloma
wart-like growth on the vocal folds; caused by a virus
dysphagia
difficulty moving food from the mouth to the stomach
acoustic
in reference to voice, this is what we can measure
culture
A set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a group of people that guide how individuals think, act and interact on a daily basis
what happens with the vocal folds when we produce a high pitched sound vs a low pitched sound?
high pitch sound- vocal folds are long and skinny and vibrate faster
low pitch sound- vocal folds are shorter and vibrate slower
Characteristic of voice production #1
Pitch- perceptual (how high or low a person voice is), acoustic- the measurement of the number of times a person’s vocal folds vibrates per second
Characteristic of voice production #2
Intensity- perceptual: how loud or soft a person’s voice is, acoustic: measure in decibels (speech is 50-65 dB) (shouting is 85 dB)
Characteristics of voice production #3
Resonance-perceptual: how much nasality in the voice (hyper or hypo nasal), acoustic: a variety of tasks to determine where sound is resonating)
Characteristics of voice production #4
Vocal Quality- perceptual: whether the voice is rough, breathy, harsh, strained, strangled, acoustic: a few measurements here to measure the “noise” in one’s voice
What are the treatments for stuttering in children?
- train family to reduce amount of questioning
- increase positive reinforcement
-reduce demands (to perform)
-use slow-easy-speech
what re the treatments for stuttering in adults?
-teach how to modify speech production
-help decrease avoidance behaviors
-desensitization to the stutter to reduce stigma
-practice relaxation
how is the brain unique in people who stutter?
-Greater activation of right side for speech
-Information tracts (white matter) reduced, suggesting weaker conditions between motor and linguistic areas of the brain
-More activation in cerebellum
-Cerebellum has to do with balance and coordination
what are the stuttering like disfluencies?
-part word repetition
-single syllable word repletion
-blocks
-sound prorogations
what are secondary behaviors in relation to stuttering? what are some examples?
Things the PWS does to avoid or escape from stuttering
Examples: eye blinks, head movements, tapping or moving fingers, hands, toes, and feet
- What are some potential problems a person may experience as a result of dysphagia?
- Dehydration
- Respiratory conditions like pneumonia
- Aspiration
- Discomfort
- Impairment can occur during any of these phases
