csd final

Question 1

Pitch

Answer 1

How high or low a person’s voice is

Question 2

Fundamental Frequency

Answer 2

The measurement of the number of times a person’s vocal folds vibrate per second

Question 3

Peristalsis

Answer 3

contractions in the esophagus that move the bolus down to the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 4

Aspiration

Answer 4

food penetrates below the level of the vocal folds and goes into the trachea and enters the lungs

Question 5

Epiglottis

Answer 5

Cartilage found in pharyngeal cavity and flips down to cover opening of larynx during swallowing

Question 6

accent

Answer 6

the characteristics of speech or variations in pronunciation of a given language

Question 7

Esophageal Speech

Answer 7

Alternative speaking method that traps air in the esophagus and “burps” to create vibration

Question 8

Hard Glottal Attack

Answer 8

abrupt, hard start to speech

Question 9

stuttering

Answer 9

breakdown in the forward flow of speech

Question 10

dialect

Answer 10

refers to the rules you use to speak a given language

Question 11

perceptual

Answer 11

in reference to voice, this is how we describe what we hear

Question 12

papilloma

Answer 12

wart-like growth on the vocal folds; caused by a virus

Question 13

dysphagia

Answer 13

difficulty moving food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 14

acoustic

Answer 14

in reference to voice, this is what we can measure

Question 15

culture

Answer 15

A set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a group of people that guide how individuals think, act and interact on a daily basis

Question 16

what happens with the vocal folds when we produce a high pitched sound vs a low pitched sound?

Answer 16

high pitch sound- vocal folds are long and skinny and vibrate faster
low pitch sound- vocal folds are shorter and vibrate slower

Question 17

Characteristic of voice production #1

Answer 17

Pitch- perceptual (how high or low a person voice is), acoustic- the measurement of the number of times a person’s vocal folds vibrates per second

Question 18

Characteristic of voice production #2

Answer 18

Intensity- perceptual: how loud or soft a person’s voice is, acoustic: measure in decibels (speech is 50-65 dB) (shouting is 85 dB)

Question 19

Characteristics of voice production #3

Answer 19

Resonance-perceptual: how much nasality in the voice (hyper or hypo nasal), acoustic: a variety of tasks to determine where sound is resonating)

Question 20

Characteristics of voice production #4

Answer 20

Vocal Quality- perceptual: whether the voice is rough, breathy, harsh, strained, strangled, acoustic: a few measurements here to measure the “noise” in one’s voice

Question 21

What are the treatments for stuttering in children?

Answer 21

• train family to reduce amount of questioning
• increase positive reinforcement
  -reduce demands (to perform)
  -use slow-easy-speech

Question 22

what re the treatments for stuttering in adults?

Answer 22

-teach how to modify speech production
-help decrease avoidance behaviors
-desensitization to the stutter to reduce stigma
-practice relaxation

Question 23

how is the brain unique in people who stutter?

Answer 23

-Greater activation of right side for speech
-Information tracts (white matter) reduced, suggesting weaker conditions between motor and linguistic areas of the brain
-More activation in cerebellum
-Cerebellum has to do with balance and coordination

Question 24

what are the stuttering like disfluencies?

Answer 24

-part word repetition
-single syllable word repletion
-blocks
-sound prorogations

Question 25

what are secondary behaviors in relation to stuttering? what are some examples?

Answer 25

Things the PWS does to avoid or escape from stuttering
Examples: eye blinks, head movements, tapping or moving fingers, hands, toes, and feet

Question 26

11. What are some potential problems a person may experience as a result of dysphagia?

Answer 26

• Dehydration
• Respiratory conditions like pneumonia
• Aspiration
• Discomfort
• Impairment can occur during any of these phases