CSD 100 EXAM 1 Flashcards
Communicate
any means by which individuals relate their wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, and knowledge to another person
inner speech/ self-talk
the nearly constant internal monologue a person has with oneself at a conscious or semiconscious level that involves thinking in words; a convo with oneself
language
a socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols (sounds, letters, gestures)
communication disorder
an impairment in the ability to receive, comprehend, or send messages, either verbally, nonverbally, or graphically
linguistics
the study of the structure and function of language and the rules that govern language; includes the study of phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
phonology
the study of speech sounds and the system of rules underlying sound production and sound combinations in the formation of words
morphology
the study of the structure (form) of words
syntax
the way in which words are put together in a sentence to convey meaning
semantics
the study of meaning in language conveyed by words, phrases, and sentences
pragmatics
the rules governing the use of language in social situations; the context
literacy
the ability to communicate through written language, both reading and writing
process (mental or cognitive)
the things individuals do with their brains that involve attention, perception, memory, ideation, imagination, belief, reasoning, use of language, volition, emotion; the process of thinking
disorder
any loss of abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function that interferes with normal activities
quality of life
a person’s standard of living, personal freedom, and the opportunity to pursue happiness
prevalence
the estimated total number of individuals diagnosed with a particular disorder at a given time in a population
incidence
the rate at which a disorder appears in the normal population over a period; typically 1 year
congenital disorder
a disorder that is present at birth
acquired disorder
a disorder that begins after an individual has developed normal communication abilities, such as hearing loss from a loud noise or a speech, language, or cognitive disorder caused by a traumatic brain injury
functional disorder
a problem or impairment with no known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis that may have behavioral or emotional causes or components
organic disorder
a problem with a known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis
articulation disorder
the incorrect production of speech sounds due to faulty placement, timing, direction, pressure, speed, or integration of the movements of the mandible, lips, tongue, or velum
language delay
an abnormal slowness in developing language skills that may result in incomplete language development
language difference
variations in speech and language production that are the result of a person’s cultural, linguistic, and social environments
stuttering (disfluency)
a disturbance in the normal flow and time patterning of speech
cluttering
speech that is abnormally fast with omission of sounds and syllables of words, abnormal patterns of pausing and phrasing, and often spoken in bursts that may be unintelligible
voice disorder
any deviation of loudness, pitch, or quality of voice that is outside the normal range of a person’s age, gender, or background that interferes with communication
resonance disorder
abnormal modification of the voice by passing/not passing through the nasal cavities during production of oral/nasal sounds (hypernasility/hyponasality)
cognitive disorder
an impairment of attention, perception of stimuli, memory, reasoning, judgement, and problem solving
cognitive-communication disorders
difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition; commonly seen in individuals of all ages who have sustained a traumatic brain injury
hearing impairment
abnormal or reduced function in hearing resulting from an auditory disorder
what are the modalities of communication?
receiving communications: auditory, visual, tactile; sending communications: verbal, graphic, gestural
what is oral/spoken language?
syllables + words organized into grammatical sentences
what information does spoken language provide?
it gives content= meaning, and prosody= voice inflections which help listeners understand the intention of the message
what are the components of language form?
phonemes, morphemes, syntax
what are the components of language content?
semantics
what are the components of language use
pragmatics
