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Spring 2019 > CSCI 475 Ch. 1-3 > Flashcards

CSCI 475 Ch. 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

data dictionary

A

stores metadata

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2
Q

data

A

raw facts from which information is generated

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3
Q

database

A

computerized record keeping system or computerized collection of data and metadata

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4
Q

database management system (DBMS)

A

manages database structure as well as access to the data

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5
Q

DDL

A

Data Definition Language (ex: Create table Student { … })

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6
Q

DML

A

Data Manipulation Language (ex: Select, Update, Delete)

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7
Q

information

A

processing of data to reveal meaning; asking questions about the data

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8
Q

metadata

A

data about the data in order to reveal information

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9
Q

query

A

ask questions about the data in order to reveal information

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10
Q

SQL

A

Structured Query Language

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11
Q

SQL is both

A

DDL and DML

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12
Q

consistent data

A

rules in data dictionary enforced, such as datatype and length

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13
Q

data anomaly

A

when not all of the required data changes are made successfully (update, insert, delete)

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14
Q

data integrity

A

enforces data reliability

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15
Q

data model

A

bridges real world and computer databases

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16
Q

data redundancy

A

same data stored unnecessarily in different places

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17
Q

ER-Model or ER-Diagram

A

a visual representation of entities and their relationships

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18
Q

constraint

A

restriction of data such as a range or length of values

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19
Q

relationship

A

‘verb’ - association among tables

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20
Q

entity

A

‘noun’ - person, place, thing, or event; also referred to as a table in DBMS

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21
Q

record

A

a set of data; also referred to as a tuple in DBMS

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22
Q

schema

A

conceptual organization of a database, such as ENROLLED(CLASS_ID, STU_ID)

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23
Q

business rules

A

a description or narrative of the entities and their relationships

24
Q

field

A

characteristics of an entity; also referred to as an attribute in DBMS

25
Q

NoSQL assumes

A

unstructured data

26
Q

NoSQL has 3 V’s:

A

volume, velocity, variety

27
Q

functional dependency

A

one field determines another field

28
Q

example of functional dependency: Student ID -> Student LName (which is the determinant and which is the dependency?)

A 
determinant = Student ID
dependency = Student LName
29
Q

referential integrity

A

if the foreign key has a value, it must reference a primary key in the table it references

30
Q

candidate key

A

field or set of fields that uniquely identifies a record

31
Q

a candidate key (can/cannot) be null

A

cannot

32
Q

candidate keys must be

A

minimal

33
Q

candidate keys are ? in schema

A

underlined

34
Q

primary key is (one/a set of) field(s)

A

one

35
Q

composite key is (one/a set of) field(s)

A

a set of

36
Q

surrogate key

A

a candidate key that automatically increments

37
Q

foreign key

A

a field in one table references a primary key in a second table

38
Q

how do you relate tables?

A

using foreign keys

39
Q

foreign keys maintain data integrity by

A

defining constraints

40
Q

foreign keys can be ? or ?

A

optional (allow null) or mandatory (cannot be null)

41
Q

homonym

A

two attributes with same name but different meanings

42
Q

example of a homonym

A

ID and ID - one might be an employee id where the other is a skill id

43
Q

synonym

A

two attributes with different names but same meanings

44
Q

example of a synonym

A

ID and Student_ID - both contain the same information but in different tables

45
Q

completeness

A

degree to which relational algebra is supported

46
Q

a language is considered minimally relational if

A

SELECT, PROJECT, and JOIN are supported

47
Q

closure

A

relational algebra produces new tables

48
Q

? and ? are closed operations

A

SELECT and PROJECT

49
Q

degree

A

number of fields

50
Q

cardinality

A

number of records

51
Q

union

A

all records except for the same ones only appear once

52
Q

intersection

A

all the same records

53
Q

difference of A - B

A

all records in A minus the ones present in B

54
Q

product

A

cross product

55
Q

divide

A

returns how many instances

56
Q

SELECT always holds ? constant because ?

A

degree b/c it restricts records

57
Q

PROJECT always holds ? constant because ?

A

cardinality b/c it restricts fields

Spring 2019 (10 decks)

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