CSC 351 - Chapter 7

Question 1

expression

Answer 1

the fundamental means of specifying computations in a programming language

Question 2

arithmetic expressions

Answer 2

consist of operators, operands, parentheses and function calls

Question 3

unary

Answer 3

single operand

Question 4

binary

Answer 4

two operands

Question 5

ternary

Answer 5

three operands

Question 6

infix

Answer 6

operators appear between their operands

Question 7

prefix

Answer 7

operators precede their operands

Question 8

operator precedence rules

Answer 8

define the order in which the operators of different precedence rules are evaluated. based on a hierarchy of operator priorities

Question 9

identity operator

Answer 9

unary addition - usually has no associated operation therefore having no affect on its operand

Question 10

associativity

Answer 10

when an expression contains two operators of the same precedence next to each other, the associativity rules of the language determine which operator gets evaluated first (common to go left to right)

Question 11

parenthesis

Answer 11

can alter the precedence and associativity rules by being added to an expression

Question 12

side effect

Answer 12

occurs when the function changes either one of its parameters or a global variable

Question 13

referential transparency

Answer 13

occurs if any two expressions in the program that have the same value can be substituted for one another without affecting the program. adv: the semantics are much easier to understand

Question 14

operator overloading

Answer 14

multiple use of an operator - acceptable as long as the readability nor reliability suffers

Question 15

narrowing conversion

Answer 15

converts a value to a type that cannot store even approximations of all the values of the original type

Question 16

widening conversion

Answer 16

converts a value to a type that can include at least approximations of all the values of the original type

Question 17

mixed-mode expression

Answer 17

languages that allow operators to have operands of different types

Question 18

relational operator

Answer 18

operator that compares the values of its two operands, the value of a relational expression is a boolean

Question 19

short-circuit evaluation

Answer 19

a result is determines without evaluating all of the operands and/or operators

Question 20

compound assignment operator

Answer 20

a shorthand method of specifying a commonly needed form of assignment

Question 21

coercion

Answer 21

an implicit type conversion that is initiated by the compiler

Question 22

Always does short-circuit evaluation

Answer 22

Ruby

Question 23

Allows the programmer to choose if they want to use short-circuit evaluation

Answer 23

Ada