CSC 202 (Python and PHP)

Question 1

What does PHP stand for?

i) Personal Home Page
ii) Hypertext Preprocessor
iii) Pretext Hypertext Processor
iv) Preprocessor Home Page
a) Both i) and iii)
b) Both ii) and iv)
c) Only ii)
d) Both i) and ii)

Answer 1

Answer: d
Explanation: PHP previously stood for Personal Home Page now stands for Hypertext Preprocessor.

Question 2

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$num  = 1;
$num1 = 2;
print $num . "+". $num1;
?>

a) 3
b) 1+2
c) 1.+.2
d) Error

Answer 2

Answer: b
Explanation: .(dot) is used to combine two parts of the statement. Example ($num . “Hello World”) will output 1Hello World

Question 3

How should we add a single line comment in our PHP code?

i) /?
ii) //
iii) #
iv) /* */

a) Only ii)
b) i), iii) and iv)
c) ii), iii) and iv)
d) Both ii) and iv)

Answer 3

Answer: c
Explanation: /* */ can also be use to comment just a single line although it is used for paragraphs. // and # are used only for single line comment

Question 4

Which of the following PHP statement/statements will store 111 in variable num?

i) int $num = 111;
ii) int mum = 111;
iii) $num = 111;
iv) 111 = $num;

a) Both i) and ii)
b) i), ii), iii) and iv)
c) Only iii)
d) Only i)

Answer 4

Answer: c
Explanation: You need not specify the datatype in php.

Question 5

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$num  = "1";
$num1 = "2";
print $num+$num1;
?>

a) 3
b) 1+2
c) Error
d) 12

Answer 5

Answer: a
Explanation: The numbers inside the double quotes are considered as integers and not string, therefore the value 3 is printed and not 1+2.

Question 6

Which is the right way of declaring a variable in PHP?
i) $3hello
ii) $_hello
iii) $this
iv) $This

a) Only ii)
b) Only iii)
c) ii), iii) and iv)
d) ii) and iv)

Answer 6

Answer: d
Explanation: A variable in PHP can not start with a number, also $this is mainly used to refer properties of a class so we can’t use $this as a user define variable name.
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Question 7

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php 
$foo = 'Bob';              
$bar = &$foo;              
$bar = "My name is $bar";  
echo $bar;
echo $foo;
?>

a) Error
b) My name is BobBob
c) My name is BobMy name is Bob
d) My name is Bob Bob

Answer 7

Answer: c
Explanation: Firstly, the line $bar = &$foo; will reference $foo via $bar. So $bar is assigned value Bob. Therefore $bar = “My name is $bar”; will print My name is Bob($bar=Bob as said before).

Question 8

Which of the following PHP statements will output Hello World on the screen?

i) echo (“Hello World”);
ii) print (“Hello World”);
iii) printf (“Hello World”);
iv) sprintf (“Hello World”);

a) i) and ii)
b) i), ii) and iii)
c) i), ii), iii) and iv)
d) i), ii) and iv)

Answer 8

Answer: b
Explanation: echo(), print() and printf() all three can be used to output a statement onto the screen. The sprintf() statement is functionally identical to printf() except that the output is assigned to a string rather than rendered to the browser.

Question 9

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$color = "maroon";
$var = $color[2];
echo "$var";
?>

a) a
b) Error
c) $var
d) r

Answer 9

Answer: d
Explanation: PHP treats strings in the same fashion as arrays, allowing for specific characters to be accessed via array offset notation. In an array, index always starts from 0. So in the line $var = $color[2]; if we count from start ‘r’ comes at index 2. So the output will be r.

Question 10

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$score = 1234;
$scoreboard = (array) $score;
echo $scoreboard[0];
?>

a) 1
b) Error
c) 1234
d) 2

Answer 10

Answer: c
Explanation: The (array) is a cast operator which is used for converting values from other data types to array.

Question 11

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$total = "25 students";
$more = 10;
$total = $total + $more;
echo "$total";
?>

a) Error
b) 35 students
c) 35
d) 25 students

Answer 11

Answer: c
Explanation: The integer value at the beginning of the original $total string is used in the calculation. However if it begins with anything but a numerical value, the value will be 0.

Question 12

Which of the below statements is equivalent to $add += $add?

a) $add = $add
b) $add = $add +$add
c) $add = $add + 1
d) $add = $add + $add + 1

Answer 12

Answer: b
Explanation: a += b is an addition assignment whose outcome is a = a + b. Same can be done with subtraction, multiplication, division etc.

Question 13

Which statement will output $x on the screen?
a) echo “$x”;
b) echo “$$x”;
c) echo “/$x”;
d) echo “$x;”;

Answer 13

Answer: a
Explanation: A backslash is used so that the dollar sign is treated as a normal string character rather than prompt PHP to treat $x as a variable. The backslash used in this manner is known as escape character.

Question 14

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
function track() {
static $count = 0;
$count++;
echo $count;
}
track();
track();
track();
?>

a) 123
b) 111
c) 000
d) 011

Answer 14

Answer: a
Explanation: Because $count is static, it retains its previous value each time the function is executed.

Question 15

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$a = "clue";
$a .= "get";
echo "$a";
?>

a) get
b) true
c) false
d) clueget

Answer 15

Answer: d
Explanation: ‘.’ is a concatenation operator. $a. = “get” is same as $a=$a.”get” where $a is having value of “clue” in the previous statement. So the output will be clueget.

Question 16

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$a = "clue";
$a .= "get";
echo "$a";
?>

a) get
b) true
c) false
d) clueget

Answer 16

Answer: d
Explanation: ‘.’ is a concatenation operator. $a. = “get” is same as $a=$a.”get” where $a is having value of “clue” in the previous statement. So the output will be clueget.

Question 17

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$a = 5;
$b = 5;
echo ($a === $b);
?>

a) 5 === 5
b) Error
c) 1
d) False

Answer 17

Answer: c
Explanation: === operator returns 1 if $a and $b are equivalent and $a and $b have the same type.

Question 18

Which of the below symbols is a newline character?
a) \r
b) \n
c) /n
d) /r

Answer 18

Answer: b
Explanation: PHP treats \n as a newline character.

Question 19

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$num = 10;
echo ‘What is her age? \n She is $num years old’;
?>

a) What is her age? \n She is $num years old
b) What is her age?
She is $num years old
c) What is her age? She is 10 years old
d) What is her age?
She is 10 years old

Answer 19

Answer: a
Explanation: When a string is enclosed within single quotes both variables and escape sequences will not be interpreted when the string is parsed.

Question 20

Which of the conditional statements is/are supported by PHP?

i) if statements
ii) if-else statements
iii) if-elseif statements
iv) switch statements

a) Only i)
b) i), ii) and iv)
c) ii), iii) and iv)
d) i), ii), iii) and iv)

Answer 20

Answer: d
Explanation: All are conditional statements supported by PHP as all are used to evaluate different conditions during a program and take decisions based on whether these conditions evaluate to true of false

Question 21

Which of the looping statements is/are supported by PHP?

i) for loop
ii) while loop
iii) do-while loop
iv) foreach loop

a) i) and ii)
b) i), ii) and iii)
c) i), ii), iii) and iv)
d) Only iv)

Answer 21

Answer: c
Explanation: All are supported looping statements in PHP as they can repeat the same block of code a given number of times, or until a certain condition is met.

Question 22

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$team = "arsenal";
switch ($team) {
case "manu":
    echo "I love man u";
case "arsenal":
    echo "I love arsenal";
case "manc":
    echo "I love manc"; }
?>

a) I love arsenal
b) Error
c) I love arsenalI love manc
d) I love arsenalI love mancI love manu

Answer 22

Answer: c
Explanation: If a break statement isn’t present, all subsequent case blocks will execute until a break statement is located.

Question 23

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$user = array("Ashley", "Bale", "Shrek", "Blank");
for ($x=0; $x < count($user); $x++)	{
    if ($user[$x] == "Shrek") continue;
        printf ($user[$x]); 
}
?>

a) AshleyBale
b) AshleyBaleBlank
c) ShrekBlank
d) Shrek

Answer 23

Answer: b
Explanation: The continue statement causes execution of the current loop iteration to end and commence at the beginning of the next iteration.

Question 24

If $a = 12, what will be returned when ($a == 12) ? 5 : 1 is executed?
a) 12
b) 1
c) Error
d) 5

Answer 24

Answer: d
Explanation: ?: is known as ternary operator. If condition is true then the part just after the ? is executed else the part after : .

Question 25

What will be the value of $a and $b after the function call in the following PHP code?

<?php
function doSomething( &$arg ) {
    $return = $arg;
    $arg += 1;
    return $return;	
}
$a = 3;
$b = doSomething( $a );
?>

a) a is 3 and b is 4
b) a is 4 and b is 3
c) Both are 3
d) Both are 4

Answer 25

Answer: b
Explanation: $a is 4 and $b is 3. The former because $arg is passed by reference, the latter because the return value of the function is a copy of the initial value of the argument.

Question 26

Who is the father of PHP?
a) Rasmus Lerdorf
b) Willam Makepiece
c) Drek Kolkevi
d) List Barely

Answer 26

Answer: a
Explanation: PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.

Question 27

What is the result of cmp(3, 1)?
a) 1
b) 0
c) True
d) False

Answer 27

Answer: a
Explanation: cmp(x, y) returns 1 if x > y, 0 if x == y and -1 if x < y.

Question 28

Which of the following is incorrect?
a) float(‘inf’)
b) float(‘nan’)
c) float(’56’+’78’)
d) float(’12+34′)

Answer 28

Answer: d
Explanation: ‘+’ cannot be converted to a float.

Question 29

What is the result of round(0.5) – round(-0.5)?
a) 1.0
b) 2.0
c) 0.0
d) Value depends on Python version

Answer 29

Answer: d
Explanation: The behavior of the round() function is different in Python 2 and Python 3. In Python 2, it rounds off numbers away from 0 when the number to be rounded off is exactly halfway through. round(0.5) is 1 and round(-0.5) is -1 whereas in Python 3, it rounds off numbers towards nearest even number when the number to be rounded off is exactly halfway through. See the below output.

Question 30

What is the result of round(0.5) – round(-0.5)?
a) 1.0
b) 2.0
c) 0.0
d) Value depends on Python version

Answer 30

Answer: d
Explanation: The behavior of the round() function is different in Python 2 and Python 3. In Python 2, it rounds off numbers away from 0 when the number to be rounded off is exactly halfway through. round(0.5) is 1 and round(-0.5) is -1 whereas in Python 3, it rounds off numbers towards nearest even number when the number to be rounded off is exactly halfway through. See the below output.

Question 31

What does 3 ^ 4 evaluate to?
a) 81
b) 12
c) 0.75
d) 7

Answer 31

Answer: d
Explanation: ^ is the Binary XOR operator.

Question 32

3. Evaluate the expression given below if A = 16 and B = 15

.A % B // A
a) 0.0
b) 0
c) 1.0
d) 1

Answer 32

Answer: b
Explanation: The above expression is evaluated as 16%15//16, which is equal to 1//16, which results in 0.

Question 33

What is the value of the following expression?

8/4/2, 8/(4/2)
a) (1.0, 4.0)
b) (1.0, 1.0)
c) (4.0. 1.0)
d) (4.0, 4.0)

Answer 33

Answer: a
Explanation: The above expressions are evaluated as: 2/2, 8/2, which is equal to (1.0, 4.0).

Question 34

Which of the following expressions results in an error?

a) float(‘10’)
b) int(‘10’)
c) float(’10.8’)
d) int(’10.8’)

Answer 34

Answer : D
Explanation:
a) float(‘10’): This converts the string ‘10’ into a float, resulting in 10.0. No error occurs.
b) int(‘10’): This converts the string ‘10’ into an integer, resulting in 10. No error occurs.
c) float(‘10.8’): This converts the string ‘10.8’ into a float, resulting in 10.8. No error occurs.
d) int(‘10.8’): This tries to convert the string ‘10.8’ into an integer. However, ‘10.8’ is not a valid integer string (since it includes a decimal point), so this results in a ValueError.

Question 35

A function in PHP which starts with __ (double underscore) is known as __________
a) Magic Function
b) Inbuilt Function
c) Default Function
d) User Defined Function

Answer 35

Answer: a
Explanation: PHP functions that start with a double underscore – a “__” – are called magic functions in PHP. They are functions that are always defined inside classes, and are not stand-alone functions.

Question 36

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$op2 = "blabla";
function foo($op1)
{
    echo $op1;
    echo $op2;
}
foo("hello");
?>

a) helloblabla
b) Error
c) hello
d) helloblablablabla

Answer 36

Answer: c
Explanation: If u want to put some variables in function that was not passed by it, you must use “global”. Inside the function type global $op2.

Question 37

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
$op2 = "blabla";
function foo($op1)
{
    echo $op1;
    echo $op2;
}
foo("hello");
?>

a) helloblabla
b) Error
c) hello
d) helloblablablabla

Answer 37

Answer: c
Explanation: If u want to put some variables in function that was not passed by it, you must use “global”. Inside the function type global $op2.

Question 38

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
function a()
{
    function b()
    {
        echo 'I am b';
 	}
    echo 'I am a';
}
a();
a();
?>

a) I am a
b) I am bI am a
c) Error
d) I am a Error

Answer 38

Answer: d
Explanation: Since we are calling the function a() 2 times, the output will be “I am a” followed by a Fatal Error as we are redeclaring function b() during second call of function a().

Question 39

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
function a()
{
    function b()
    {
        echo 'I am b';
 	}
    echo 'I am a';
}
a();
a();
?>

a) I am a
b) I am bI am a
c) Error
d) I am a Error

Answer 39

Answer: d
Explanation: Since we are calling the function a() 2 times, the output will be “I am a” followed by a Fatal Error as we are redeclaring function b() during second call of function a().

Question 40

Type Hinting was introduced in which version of PHP?
a) PHP 4
b) PHP 5
c) PHP 5.3
d) PHP 6

Answer 40

Answer: b
Explanation: PHP 5 introduced the feature of type hinting. With the help of type hinting, we can specify the expected data type of an argument in a function declaration. First valid types can be the class names for arguments that receive objects and the other are array for those that receive arrays.

Question 41

Type Hinting was introduced in which version of PHP?
a) PHP 4
b) PHP 5
c) PHP 5.3
d) PHP 6

Answer 41

Answer: b
Explanation: PHP 5 introduced the feature of type hinting. With the help of type hinting, we can specify the expected data type of an argument in a function declaration. First valid types can be the class names for arguments that receive objects and the other are array for those that receive arrays.

Question 42

Which of the following are valid function names?

i) function()
ii) €()
iii) .function()
iv) $function()

a) Only i)
b) Only ii)
c) i) and ii)
d) iii) and iv)

Answer 42

Answer: b
Explanation: A valid function name can start with a letter or underscore, followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores. According to the specified regular expression ([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*), a function name like this one is valid.

Question 43

Which of the following PHP functions accepts any number of parameters?
a) func_get_argv()
b) func_get_args()
c) get_argv()
d) get_argc()

Answer 43

Answer: b
Explanation: func_get_args() returns an array of arguments provided. One can use func_get_args() inside the function to parse any number of passed parameters.

Question 44

Which of the following PHP functions can be used to get the current memory usage?
a) get_usage()
b) get_peak_usage()
c) memory_get_usage()
d) memory_get_peak_usage()

Answer 44

Answer: c
Explanation: memory_get_usage() returns the amount of memory, in bytes, that’s currently being allocated to the PHP script

Question 45

Which one of the following functions can be used to compress a string?
a) zip_compress()
b) zip()
c) compress()
d) gzcompress()

Answer 45

Answer: d
Explanation: The function gzcompress() compresses the string using the ZLIB data format. One can achieve upto 50% size reduction using this function. The gzuncompress() function is used to uncompress the string.

Question 46

Which one of the following functions can be used to compress a string?
a) zip_compress()
b) zip()
c) compress()
d) gzcompress()

Answer 46

Answer: d
Explanation: The function gzcompress() compresses the string using the ZLIB data format. One can achieve upto 50% size reduction using this function. The gzuncompress() function is used to uncompress the string.

Question 47

<?php
echo chr(52);
?>

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer 47

Answer: d
Explanation: The chr() function returns a character from the specified ASCII value. We can specify ASCII value in decimal, octal, or hex values. The Octal values are defined as a leading 0, while hex values are defined as a leading 0x. Since the ASCII value of 4 is 52, thus 4 was displayed

Question 48

<?php
echo chr(52);
?>

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer 48

Answer: d
Explanation: The chr() function returns a character from the specified ASCII value. We can specify ASCII value in decimal, octal, or hex values. The Octal values are defined as a leading 0, while hex values are defined as a leading 0x. Since the ASCII value of 4 is 52, thus 4 was displayed

Question 49

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
echo ord (“hi”);
?>

a) 106
b) 103
c) 104
d) 209

Answer 49

Answer: c
Explanation: The ord() function returns the ASCII value of the first character of a string. The ASCII value of h is 104, thus 104 was displayed

Question 50

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
echo ucwords("i love my country");
?>

a) I love my country
b) i love my Country
c) I love my Country
d) I Love My Country

Answer 50

Answer: d
Explanation: The ucwords() function converts the first character of each word in a string to uppercase.

Question 51

What will be the output of the following PHP code?

<?php
echo lcfirst("welcome to India");
?>

a) welcome to India
b) welcome to india
c) Welcome to India
d) Welcome to india

Answer 51

Answer: a
Explanation: The lcfirst() function converts the first character of a string to lowercase.