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CSA clinical aspects > CSA Intro to occlusion > Flashcards

CSA Intro to occlusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is occlussion?

A

Relationship of maxillary to mandibular teeth at rest and in function

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2
Q

What is TMJ?

A

joint(s) which articulate mandible to skull

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3
Q

What is central occlusion \or ICP (intercuspal position)

A

Position of mandible with mandibular and maxillary teeth cusps are maximally interdigitated regardless of condylar position

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4
Q

What is occluso vertical dimension ?

A

Vertical relationship between maxilla and mandible when teeth = in ICP

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5
Q

What decreases the occluso vertical dimension ?

A

tooth wear or missing teeth

- can be compensated by over eruption of teeth

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6
Q

What is resting vertical dimension ?

A

Vertical relationship between maxilla and mandible when resting comfortably in upright position with relaxed facial musculature

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7
Q

What measurement is resting vertical dimension? RVD

A

Arbitrary from chosen point on maxilla to one on mandible when mandible = in resting position

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8
Q

What is freeway space?

A

Space between maxillary and mandibular teeth at rest (usually 2-4mm)

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9
Q

How is freeway space calculated?

A

Calculated by vertical difference between RVD and OVD

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10
Q

How is RVD achieved?

A

• Achieved after swallowing/yawning

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11
Q

What is retruded contact position RCP or centric relation (CR)

A

Mandibular position occurring at very first contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth when condyle = in most superior and rotating around it’s terminal hinge axis

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12
Q

When is the most retruded position of mandible?

A

when initial intercuspal contact

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13
Q

What do condylar heads rotate around?

A

rearmost within their glenoid fossa and rotate around their terminal hinge axis

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14
Q

What is the glenoid fossa?

A

depression in temporal bone that articulates with mandible

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15
Q

What is protrusion ?

A

Anterior movement of mandible when teeth = in occlusion

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16
Q

What is terminal hinge axis?

A

Point where condyle rotates during rotary phase of opening mouth

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17
Q

When does terminal hinge axis only occurs?

A

when mandible = in most retruded position

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18
Q

What is opening of mouth?

A

involves 2 concurrent processes that = occur in the TMJ

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19
Q

What does the condyle do movement wise?

A

rotates and translates

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20
Q

What is rotation ?

A

condyle rotates around terminal hinge axis when in retruded position

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21
Q

What is translation?

A

Forwards/Downwards movement of condyle down articular eminence of TMJ = wider opening of jaw

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22
Q

What happens to condyle during translation ?

A

pulled forwards by lateral pterygoid muscle (a little bit by temporalis)

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23
Q

What is condylar guidance?

A

Effect of shape of articular eminence on protrusive movements of mandible

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24
Q

What is the result of condylar guidance?

A

lowering of the angle of mandible as condyle = slides down articular eminence

25
Q

What are lateral excursions?

A

Occlusal relationship between teeth when mandible = shifted horizontally to right or left

26
Q

What is the working side during lateral excursions

A

Side to which the mandible has moved:

27
Q

What does working side occur?

A

during mastication depending on which side you position food with your tongue

28
Q

What is the non working side?

A

Side away from which mandible has moved (pulled by the lateral pterygoid muscle)

29
Q

What is horizontal movement guided by?

A

working side

30
Q

What is canine guidance?

A

During lateral excursions, all teeth = disclude except canines on working side

31
Q

What does canine guidance prevent ?

A

• Prevents molars/premolars from wearing/fracturing during lateral movements

32
Q

What is group function ?

A

During lateral movements 2 or more teeth = stay in contact

33
Q

When do ppl get group functions?

A

as they age

34
Q

What is disclusion ?

A

Separation of teeth due to prominent tooth on tooth contact

35
Q

How can disclusion occur?

A
  • natural e.g. prominent canines/canine guidance

* unintentionally created by dentist >restoration = too ‘high’ in bite

36
Q

What are parafunctions?

A

Tooth contacts = X involved in normal functioning of jaws i.e. mastication and speech

37
Q

What is parafunction caused by

A

attrition (bruxism) or abrasion e.g. chewing nails/pencils, holding lip/tongue/cheek piercing in between teeth

38
Q

What is bruxism ?

A

Subconscious, non-functional grinding of maxillary and mandibular teeth

39
Q

When does bruxism occur?

A

night (pain in jaws in morning)
stressful time
•Toothwear, fracturing and pain in masseters/headache

40
Q

How to treat bruxism?

A

• Treatment: Pt. education and splints (mouth guards)

41
Q

What is conformative treatement?

A

Treatment = aimed to fit in pts. existing occlusion

42
Q

What is reorganised treatment?

A

Treatment = aimed to change pt. occlusion

43
Q

What is interference?

A

Any tooth that causes premature contacts causing other teeth to disclude on lateral and protrusive excursions

44
Q

What causes interference ?

A

. ‘High’ filling X bite properly

• Could get ‘shiny spots’ on amalgam if pt. prematurely bites down on it

45
Q

What is a result of shiny spots on amalgam?

A

teeth to ‘jolt’

  • PDL on opposing tooth = could inflame and widen so incr. mobility
  • Pt. may complain of sensitivity so check occlusion
46
Q

What is fremitus ?

A

Palpable vibration or slight movement of teeth when occluded

47
Q

What is overjet?

A

Horizontal distance between maxillary and mandibular incisal edges in ICP

48
Q

What is overbite ?

A

Vertical distance between maxillary and mandibular incisors in ICP

49
Q

What is articulating paper?

A

Inked paper = placed between maxillary and mandibular teeth (bitten down on)

50
Q

What does articulating paper indicate?

A

position of tooth contacts

51
Q

What is an articulator ?

A

Mechanical device = recreates pts. jaw- can see relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth

52
Q

What types of articulators are used by technicians ?

A
  1. Simple hinge:
  2. Average value:
  3. Semi adjustable:
  4. Fully adjustable
53
Q

What is axiographic recording ?

A

Mechanical device that records condylar movements and TMJ movements etc.

54
Q

What does overloading teeth mean?

A
  • Premature contacts
  • Lateral forces on posterior teeth
  • Excessive (masticatory) forces due to parafunction > MOM = working harder than normal
55
Q

What does bruxism cause?

A
  • incr. wear, incr. RO fracture or rests. and teeth,
  • incr. muscle/MOM pain and micro cracks in enamel
  • masseteric hypertrophy in severe cases
56
Q

How to avoid occlusal problems with rests?

A

should conform to pts. existing occlusion:

  • ‘bite’ feel same after rest. as did b4 started
  • Use articulating paper and ask pt. “does it feel normal?” to see if rest. = high on bite
57
Q

What is the effect of high rests?

A
  • Pain > incr. in MOM and tooth

- Mechanical failure > fractured rests, incr. wear

58
Q

How to extraorally examine patients on clinic?

A
  • MOM palpitation (masseter/temporalis) > tender where muscles originate/insert?
  • TMJ during open/close of mouth
  • TMJ clicking/grinding

CSA clinical aspects (13 decks)

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