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CSA BIOCHEM > CSA chemistry of enamel caries > Flashcards

CSA chemistry of enamel caries Flashcards

1
Q

When do ionic materials precipitate?

A

if surrounding solution is above saturation

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2
Q

when do ionic materials dissolve?

A

if surround solution is below saturation

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3
Q

what is Solubility product for apatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2?

A

o Ksp = [Ca]10 x [PO4]6 x [OH]2

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4
Q

what must occur for salt to precipitate>

A

solubility product must be exceeded

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5
Q

what increases solubility of apatite>

A

carbonate/magneisum

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6
Q

What decreases solubility of apatite?

A

fluoride so less prone to dissolve

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7
Q

what if there is more fluoride in HAP?

A

less HAP need to be in solution before dissolution occurs

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8
Q

what form should phosphate in saliva be in?

A

soluble form to be available for HAP

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9
Q

WHAT Happens to Phosphate in higher pH?

A

less soluble

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10
Q

what happens when below critical ph

A

ENAMEL WILL DISSOLVE

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11
Q

What happens above pH 5 to dominant phosphate ion?

A

has one proton, HPO42-

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12
Q

What happens BELOW pH 5 to dominant phosphate ion?

A

phosphate= H2PO4-1

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13
Q

what happens when enamel dissolves?

A

ionicn bonding between Ca2+ ions weakened and ions move into solution

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14
Q

in a lesion radiograph what is the translucent zone?

A

leading front of lesion

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15
Q

in a WS lesion radiograph what is the body zone?

A

where bulk material has been lost from

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16
Q

in a WS lesion radiograph what is the surface zone?

A

surface of lesion

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17
Q

What is pore structure of a carious lesion of enamel like in translucent zone?

A

reasonable size

18
Q

What is pore structure of a carious lesion of enamel like in dark zone?

A

smaller pores

19
Q

What is pore structure of a carious lesion of enamel like in body of lesion?

A

large holes

20
Q

What is 30% of material coming out of translucent zone?

A

Calcium

21
Q

what is the amount of caarbonate and magnesium lost in translucent zone?

A

10 times more concentrated and being lost than there is present

22
Q

What is 35% of material coming out of dark zone?

A

Calcium

23
Q

Is more magnesium or carbonate lost in dark zone?

A

Magnesium

24
Q

What is calcium being lost like in body of lesion?

A

similar to amount present but amount lost is low, same with Mg

25
Q

what analyses fluoride on surface of tooth

A

fluoride microprobe

26
Q

What happens when analysing fluoride from sound enamel to surface zone?

A

On the surface zone, it is very high

- In dark zone/translucent zone it is very low

27
Q

what are the chemical and histological changes occuring during caries attack?

A
  • Mineral content high at surface
  • body of lesion lost a lot of mineral, less so in dark zone & translucent zone
  • carbonate = lost straight out of the surface
28
Q

what happens to nuber of protons and fluoride during caries attack?

A

they’re the same

29
Q

What happens to crystals in translucent zone?

A

they become shabbier, acid attacks outside

30
Q

what happens when the fluoride gets in during a caries attack?

A

lowers solubility

31
Q

what are the first things removed from enamel in caries attack?

A

soluble carbonate & magnesium ions

32
Q

What does fluoride at surface allow for ?

A

reprecipitation of crystal growth, pores become smaller

33
Q

what happens during reprecipitation

A

pores pick up Ca and Phos. being lost from dark zone

34
Q

is the solubility product very low at dark zone ?

A

YES

35
Q

WHAT does enamel have?

A

most protein near the dentine

36
Q

where is protein rich area

A

resides between prisms and is extremely insoluble

37
Q

what may need to be removed for remineralization >

A

Proteins

38
Q

what can some protein rich area do ?

A

offer protection and hinder caries progress

39
Q

what happens to dark zone after protein removal?

A

decreases in size

40
Q

where can albumin protein enter through and penetrate as far as translucent zone?

A

saliva

41
Q

what can albumin do if it penetrates as far as translucent?

A

inhibit crystal growth

CSA BIOCHEM (2 decks)

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