CS401A's Pre-Finals: Comp. Sys. Architect Module 05

Question 1

It is a communication pathway that connects two (2) or more devices or modules used for transferring data.

Answer 1

Computer Bus

Question 2

It consists of a set of conductors.

Each devices connected to the

Examples of these conductors are ribbon cables, external cabling, copper tracks on a printed circuit board, microscopic aluminum trails on the surface of a silicon chip; and other many forms.

Answer 2

computer bus,

in a form of trailings or wires, transmits a bit of data (1 or 0).

Question 3

Computer Bus

Architecture of a
In reality, each bus consists of

Answer 3

System Bus
50 to 100 distinct physical lines divided into three (3) subassemblies:

Question 4

Computer Bus

Architecture of a
In reality, each bus consists of
distinct physical lines divided into three (3) subassemblies:

Answer 4

System Bus
* Address bus (memory bus)
* Data bus
* Control bus (command bus)

Question 5

Computer Bus

Architecture of a
— It is a unidirectional bus that transports memory addresses which the processor wants to access to read or write data.

Answer 5

System Bus
* Address bus (memory bus)

Question 6

Computer Bus

Architecture of a
— It is a bidirectional bus that transfers instructions coming from or going to the processor.

Answer 6

System Bus
* Data bus

Question 7

Computer Bus

Architecture of a
— It is a bideractional bus that transports orders and synchronization signals from the control unit and traveling to all other hardware components.

Answer 7

System Bus
* Control bus (command bus)

Question 8

Computer Bus

Architecture of a
— It also transmits response signals from the hardware.

Answer 8

System Bus
* Control bus (command bus)

Question 9

Computer Bus

Methods of
There are two (2) kinds of data transmission methods that are frequently used in data communication:

Answer 9

Data Transmission
* Serial
* Parallel

Question 10

Computer Bus

Methods of
— It is normally used for long-distance data transfer and in cases where the amount of data being sent is relatively small.

Answer 10

Data Transmission
* Serial

Question 11

Computer Bus

Methods of
It ensures that the data integrity is maintained as it transmits the data bits in a specific order, one after another.

Answer 11

Data Transmission
* Serial

Question 12

Computer Bus

Methods of
are sent one by one in a medium.

Answer 12

Data Transmission
* Serial
Data bits

Question 13

Computer Bus

Methods of
— When data is sent
multiple data bits are transmitted over multiple channels at the same time.

Answer 13

Data Transmission
* Parallel
using parallel data transmission,

Question 14

Computer Bus

Methods of
This implies that data can be sent faster than using serial transmission methods.

Answer 14

Data Transmission
* Parallel

Question 15

Computer Bus

The comparison of the two (2) busses implies similarities and differences for a specific purpose of data transmission.

These buses are used in different applications and functions.

Answer 15

Serial Bus versus Parallel Bus

Question 16

Computer Bus

• Transmits several streams of data simultaneously along multiple channels.

Answer 16

PARALLEL BUS

Question 17

Computer Bus

• Widely used within integrated circuits.

Answer 17

PARALLEL BUS

Question 18

Computer Bus

— the data is either sent or received

Answer 18

PARALLEL BUS
* Half-duplex

Question 19

Computer Bus

• Used for a short distance

Answer 19

PARALLEL BUS

Question 20

Computer Bus

• Can transmit fewer data in faster clock cycle to achieve a higher data rate

Answer 20

SERIAL BUS

Question 21

Computer Bus

• Can transmit fewer data in faster clock cycle to achieve a higher data rate

Answer 21

SERIAL BUS

Question 22

Computer Bus

• Requires fewer interconnecting cables and occupies less space

(e.g., wires and fibers)

Answer 22

SERIAL BUS

Question 23

Computer Bus

— the sender can send and receive data simultaneously

Answer 23

SERIAL BUS
* Full-duplex

Question 24

Computer Bus

• Used for long-distance communication

Answer 24

SERIAL BUS

Question 25

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** transfers electrical signals from one place to another. Data travels between the CPU and memory along the

Answer 25

**Bus** A bus data bus.

Question 26

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** The location (address) of that data is carried along the

Answer 26

**Bus** address bus.

Question 27

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** There are two (2) types of bus protocols:

Answer 27

**Bus** * **Synchronous** * **Asynchronous**

Question 28

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** — Data bits are transmitted as a continuous stream in time with a master clock.

Answer 28

**Bus** * **Synchronous**

Question 29

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** The data transmitter and receiver both operate using a synchronized clock frequency; therefore, start bits, stop bits, and gaps are not used.

Answer 29

**Bus** * **Synchronous**

Question 30

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** This implies that data moves faster and timing errors are less frequent because the transmitter and receiver time is synced.

Answer 30

**Bus** * **Synchronous**

Question 31

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** However, data accuracy is highly dependent on timing being synced correctly between devices.

Answer 31

**Bus** * **Synchronous**

Question 32

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** — Data bits can be sent at any point in time.

Answer 32

**Bus** * **Asynchronous**

Question 33

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** Stop bits and start bits are used between data bytes to synchronize the transmitter and receiver and to ensure that the data is transmitted correctly.

Answer 33

**Bus** * **Asynchronous**

Question 34

# **Computer Bus** **___ Communication Protocols** The time between sending and receiving data bits is not constant; thus, gaps are used to provide time between transmittions.

Answer 34

**Bus** * **Asynchronous**

Question 35

# **Computer Bus** **Bus ___________** More than one (1) module may need control of the bus (e.g., CPU and DMA controller).

Answer 35

**Arbitration**

Question 36

# **Computer Bus** **Bus ___________** The I/O module may need to read or write directly to memory, without sending the data to the processor.

Answer 36

**Arbitration**

Question 37

# **Computer Bus** **Bus ___________** The process by which multiple requests are recognized and priority is given to one of them is called

Answer 37

**Arbitration**

Question 38

# **Computer Bus** ○ In here, an arbritation circuit receives requests from the contending bus masters and then decides which of them is to be given control of the bus.

Answer 38

* **Centralized Arbitration**

Question 39

# **Computer Bus** ○ A single hardware device, known as a bus controller or arbiter, is responsible for allocating time to bus.

Answer 39

* **Centralized Arbitration**

Question 40

# **Computer Bus** ○ The device may be part of the CPU or a separate module such as daisy-chaining.

Answer 40

* **Centralized Arbitration**

Question 41

# **Computer Bus** ○ There is no central controller. Each module may claim the bus.

Answer 41

* **Distributed Arbitration**

Question 42

# **Computer Bus** ○ All devices monitor all the request lines.

Answer 42

* **Distributed Arbitration**

Question 43

# **Computer Bus** ○ In a system with distributed arbitration, each of the masters takes part in the arbitration process.

Answer 43

* **Distributed Arbitration**

Question 44

# **Computer Bus** ○ The system lacks a specifc arbiter—each master monitors the other masters and decides whether to continue competing for the bus or give up and wait until later.

Answer 44

* **Distributed Arbitration**

Question 45

# **Computer Bus** **Characteristics of a Computer Bus** Listed below are the common characteristics that a computer bus must have.

Answer 45

* **Data Sharing** * **Addressing** * **Power** * **Timing**

Question 46

# **Computer Bus** **Characteristics of a Computer Bus** — All types of buses found in computer peripherals connected to it.

Answer 46

* **Data Sharing**

Question 47

# **Computer Bus** — A bus has address lines that match those of the processor.

Answer 47

* **Addressing**

Question 48

# **Computer Bus** This allows data to be sent to or from specific memory locations.

Answer 48

* **Addressing**

Question 49

# **Computer Bus** **Characteristics of a Computer Bus** — A bus supplies power to various peripherals connected to it.

Answer 49

* **Power**

Question 50

# **Computer Bus** **Characteristics of a Computer Bus** — A bus provides a system clock signal to synchronize the peripherals attached to it wiith the rest of the system.

Answer 50

* **Timing**

Question 51

# **Computer Bus** is a component that routes data between a computer's buses.

Answer 51

A chipset

Question 52

# **Computer Bus** This enables all of the components that make up the computer to communicate with each other.

Answer 52

**Chipset**

Question 53

# **Computer Bus** **Chipset** is in charge of controlling the transfer of data between the processor and the random access memory (RAM), which is why it is located physically near the processor.

Answer 53

* **Northbridge** (memory controller)

Question 54

# **Computer Bus** **Chipset** — This allows the processor to communicate with the system's central memory or the RAM.

Answer 54

○ **Internal Bus** (Front-Side Bus or FSB)

Question 55

# **Computer Bus** **Chipset** handles communications between peripheral devices.

Answer 55

* **Southbridge** (input/output controller or expansion controller)

Question 56

# **Computer Bus** **Chipset** It is also called the ICH (I/O Controller Hub).

Answer 56

* **Southbridge** (input/output controller or expansion controller)

Question 57

# **Computer Bus** **Chipset** — This allows various motherboard components to communication with one another.

Answer 57

○ **Expansion Bus** (Input/Output Bus)

Question 58

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** Here are some of the common expansion bus types that were used in computers: *Previously Used Technology*

Answer 58

* * **Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)** * **Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)** * **Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)** * **Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)**

Question 59

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — IBM introduced this bus for IBM PC using an 8088 microprocessor.

Answer 59

* **Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)**

Question 60

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** This has an 8-bit data bus and a 20 address lines at a clock speed of 8 MHz.

Answer 60

* **Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)**

Question 61

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — This bus is a standard interface between a computer and its expansion.

Answer 61

* **Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)**

Question 62

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** As applications became more graphically intensive, the VESA bus was introduced to maximize throughput of video graphics memory.

Answer 62

* **Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)**

Question 63

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** This also provides fast data flow between stations and can transfer up to 132 Mbps.

Answer 63

* **Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)**

Question 64

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — This is connected to the CPU. This operates at the speed of the processor bus and implies that video information is sent quickly to the card for processing.

Answer 64

* **Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)**

Question 65

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** The data transfer rate ranges from 264 Mbps to 528Mbps and 800 Mbps up to 1.5 Gbps.

Answer 65

* **Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)**

Question 66

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** The connector is identified by its brown color.

Answer 66

* **Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)**

Question 67

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — Intel Corporation developed this bus.

Answer 67

* **Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)**

Question 68

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** The PCI bus technology includes a 32- or 64-bit bus that runs at 33/66 MHz clock speed.

Answer 68

* **Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)**

Question 69

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** In particular, PCI provides more bandwidth up to 1 Gigabit per second as needed by these hardware components.

Answer 69

* **Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)**

Question 70

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** Here are some of the common expansion bus types that were used in computers: *Currently Used Technology*

Answer 70

* **Small Computer Systems Interface (SCCI)** * **Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA)** * **Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)** * **Universal Serial Bus (USB)**

Question 71

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — It is a set of ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard electronic interfaces that allows PCs to communicate faster with peripheral hardware. ## Footnote (e. g., disk drives, tape drives, CD-ROM drives, printers, and scanners)

Answer 71

* **Small Computer Systems Interface (SCCI)**

Question 72

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** It is more flexible than previous parallel data transfer interfaces.

Answer 72

* **Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)**

Question 73

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — This was founded to give a standard bas for laptop computers.

Answer 73

* **Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA)**

Question 74

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** A PCMCIA card has a 68-pin connector that connects into a slot in the PC.

Answer 74

* **Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA)**

Question 75

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** These cards are plug-and-play devices that are often hot-swappable in most of the operating systems.

Answer 75

* **Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA)**

Question 76

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — It is an interface standard for connecting high-speed components.

Answer 76

* **Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)**

Question 77

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** PCIe slots come in different physical configurations: x1, x4, x8, x16, x32.

Answer 77

* **Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)**

Question 78

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** The number after the "x" implies the number of lanes (how data travels to and from the PCIe card) that a PCIe slot has.

Answer 78

* **Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)**

Question 79

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — It connects peripheral devices such as digital cameras, mice, keyboards, printers, scanners, media devices, external hard drives, and flash drives.

Answer 79

* **Universal Serial Bus (USB)**

Question 80

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** — It connects peripheral devices such as digital cameras, mice, keyboards, printers, scanners, media devices, external hard drives, and flash drives.

Answer 80

* **Universal Serial Bus (USB)**

Question 81

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** It is intended to enhance plug-and-play and to allow hot-swapping.

Answer 81

* **Universal Serial Bus (USB)**

Question 82

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** enables the operating system to configure and discover a peripheral device spontaneously without having to restart the computer.

Answer 82

* **Universal Serial Bus (USB)** Plug-and-play

Question 83

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** Additionally, allows removal and replacement of a new peripheral without having to reboot.

Answer 83

* **Universal Serial Bus (USB)** hot-swapping

Question 84

# **Computer Bus** **Computer Bus Technologies** Because of its wide variety of uses, including support for electrical power, has replaced a wide range of interfaces like the parallel and serial ports.

Answer 84

* **Universal Serial Bus (USB)** the USB