CS1- Afzal Aleem Freshers Flu

Question 1

Zola’s 5 Triggers

Answer 1

Occurrence of an interpersonal crisis
Perceived interference with social or personal relations
Sanctioning by others
Perceived interference with vocational and physical activities
Temporalizing (eg-setting a deadline to recover before going to the doctors)

Question 2

What is Haemagglutinin (HA)?

Answer 2

Membrane glycoprotein

Question 3

Function of HA

Answer 3

Attachment factor
Membrane fusion protein

Question 4

MoA of HA in flu/cold

Answer 4

Binds to sialic acid on surface of target cells allowing viral entry
Results in haemagglutination

Question 5

Where is sialic acid present?

Answer 5

Erythrocyte, upper airway and lung endothelial cell membranes

Question 6

Haemagglutination

Answer 6

Creates network of interconnected RBCs and viral particles

Question 7

Variety of HA

Answer 7

18 types and not all can facilitate viral entry into host cells

Question 8

What is neuraminidase (NA)?

Answer 8

Enzyme

Question 9

MoA of NA in flu/cold

Answer 9

Cleaves sialic acid side groups which allows viruses to be released and infect other cells

Question 10

Types of NA

Answer 10

9 types and some variants are more virulent than others

Question 11

Antigenic shift

Answer 11

Abrupt major change that is seen in influenza A (seen in pandemics)

Question 12

Antigenic drift

Answer 12

Natural mutation over time of a known strain which results in small genetic changes

Question 13

Risk factors for the common cold

Answer 13

Age
Asthma
Pregnancy
Immune conditions
Stress
Over exertion in exercise
Diet
Lack of sleep
Poor hygiene
Close proximity to many people

Question 14

Helman’s folk model of illness

Answer 14

What has happened?
Why has it happened?
Why has it happened to me?
Why now?
What would happen to me if nothing were done about it?
What should I do about it?