CS written Exam Flashcards
Adaptive pain?
helpful or protective pain that promotes tissue healing and recovery
maladaptive pain?
as pain felt in the absence of obvious tissue damage. This includes functional pain and central/peripheral sensitisation and is typically pain that is disproportionate to the tissue injury or pain that persists well after tissues have healed.
Yellow flag?
psychological and social factors that could potentially reduce a patients ability to adequately recover. These include patient attitudes and beliefs, emotions, behaviours and family and workplace factors
Red flag?
are indicators of possible serious pathology such as inflammatory or neurological conditions, structural musculoskeletal damage or disorders, circulatory problems, suspected infections, tumours or systemic disease. If suspected, these require urgent further investigation and often surgical referral.
Things to look for on a cervical AP Xray:
- SP rotation
- IVDs and joint spaces
- Trachea in midline
- lung apices
AP open mouth X-ray?
- exclude tumours
- lateral masses dont overlap more than 2mm
- dens tilt <5 degrees
- tongue can create false # line
Cervical lateral X-ray?
- cX lordosis
- 4x lines
- 3 x spaces
4 lines on cervical lateral X-ray?
Anterior and posterior VB lines
spinolaminar line
post. cervical line
3 spaces on lateral cervical X-ray?
atlantodental space: <2mm
retropharyngeal space (@C2) - <7mm
retrotracheal line @C7 - <2mm
Apprehension/relocation test
- Positive:
- indicates:
- Positive: pain or inability to resist
- indicates: infraspinatus strain/tear
Lift off test
- Positive:
- indicates:
- Positive: inability to lift hand or pain
- indicates: subscapularis lesion
Hawkins kennedy test
- Positive: pain
- indicates: impingement
Neers Impingement
arm in IR and raised forcibly in the scapular plane
- Positive: reproduction of pain
- indicates: impingement
Empty can
- Positive:
weakness to resistance indicates supraspinatus tear
Pain suggests tendinosus
Painful arc & weakness of resisted ER can indicate?
impingement
Whiplash grade 1?
neck pain with no physical findings
Whiplash grade 2?
neck pain with physical findings but no neuro signs
Whiplash grade 3?
neck pain with neuro deficit
Whiplash grade 4:
neck pain with evidence of fracture or dislocation
Recommendations for neck pain?
- return to normal activities
- exercise and ROM exercises
- low load isometrics
NSAIDS and simple analgesics
labral tear orthopedic tests?
- FADDIR
- FABER
- clicking, catching or locking
labral tear treatment?
- unloading damaged labrum
- reduce repetitive hip movements
- increase motor control in deep stabilisers of the hip
Terrible or unhappy triad?
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
2 orthos for ACL tears?
anterior draw
lachmans