CS exam 1st quartile

Question 1

Computer Science

Answer 1

Science that describes how a computer functions

Question 2

Actual first computer

Answer 2

Abacus

Question 3

First mention of computer (women)

Answer 3

Richard Braithwaite

Question 4

Computer as a device (Step Reckoner)

Answer 4

Gottfried Leibniz

Question 5

Calculations for shooting (in big wars)

Answer 5

Range Tables

Question 6

made the design of Analytical Engine (first general purpose computer)

Answer 6

Charles Babbage

Question 7

she designed the first concept programming language for Charles’s computer

Answer 7

Ada Lovelace

Question 8

invented the first electromechanical computer (it used cards) and created company for it: Tabulating Machine Company (later IBM)

Answer 8

Herman Hollerith

Question 9

first programmer (as we know the word ‘programming’ nowadays), used his machine to break the Enigma code

Answer 9

Alan Turing

Question 10

first computer that could be bought from store (Unix, programmable with C)

Answer 10

PDP-8

Question 11

Little Man Computer (algorythm)

Answer 11

Fetch - Decode - Execute - Repeat

Question 12

CPU

Answer 12

Central Processing Unit

Question 13

clock rate (GHz)

Answer 13

The amount of times the transistors on a CPU core can switch on/off

Question 14

CPU core

Answer 14

independent processing unit on CPU

Question 15

ALU

Answer 15

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Question 16

High level language

Answer 16

High level source -> Compiler -> Machine code

Question 17

Compiler

Answer 17

A piece of software that translates a programming language into 1s and 0s that a CPU can execute

Question 18

Programming language (e.g. C, C++, Fortran)

Answer 18

runtime does not see source code

Question 19

Scripting language (e.g. JavaScript, Python LUA)

Answer 19

runtime sees source code

Question 20

JAVA code execution

Answer 20

programmer compiles Java to bytecode -> JVM (Java Virtual Machine) compiles it to machine code -> it is executed by the CPU

Question 21

Boolean

Answer 21

Transistor that’s on or off (True - 1 / False - 0)

Question 22

bit

Answer 22

1 transistor

Question 23

byte

Answer 23

8 bits

Question 24

nibble

Answer 24

4 bits

Question 25

integer overflow

Answer 25

occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of digits – either higher than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value

Question 26

signed integer

Answer 26

32-bit datum that encodes an integer in the range [-2147483648 to 2147483647]

Question 27

unsigned integer

Answer 27

32-bit datum that encodes a nonnegative integer in the range [0 to 4294967295]

Question 28

Functions of an Operating System

Answer 28

start the computer, provide a user interface, manage programs, manage memory, schedule jobs and configure devices, establish an internet connection, monitor performance, provide file management and other utilities, control a network, administer security

Question 29

pwd

Answer 29

print working directory

Question 30

cd

Answer 30

change directory

Question 31

ls

Answer 31

list current directory

Question 32

touch

Answer 32

command for creating file

Question 33

mkdir

Answer 33

make directory

Question 34

mv

Answer 34

move

Question 35

cp

Answer 35

copy

Question 36

rm

Answer 36

remove (files)

Question 37

rm -r

Answer 37

To remove non-empty directories and all the files within them

Question 38

sudo

Answer 38

stands for SuperUser DO and is used to access restricted files and operations

Question 39

sudo apt install

Answer 39

install a package by its name

Question 40

cat

Answer 40

short for “concatenate“, allows us to create single or multiple files, view contain of file, concatenate files and redirect output in terminal or files

Question 41

less

Answer 41

a command that displays file contents or command output one page at a time in your terminal

Question 42

programmer

Answer 42

individual who writes code

Question 43

software engineer

Answer 43

collaborates with other people to solve hard problems with software, if at all possible, the software makes the world a bit better place to live in

Question 44

parameters

Answer 44

input for application

Question 45

sessions

Answer 45

server creates a session, which is a file containing 1 thing, a unique identifier

Question 46

cookies

Answer 46

tiny files on a client, contain key-value pairs, i.e. "sessionId=12345678"

Question 47

pair programming

Answer 47

agile software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation. One, the driver, writes code while the other, the observer or navigator, reviews each line of code as it is typed in. The two programmers switch roles frequently.

Question 48

SCRUM

Answer 48

agile framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products, with an initial emphasis on software development, although it has been used in other fields including research, sales, marketing and advanced technologies. It is designed for teams of ten or fewer members, who break their work into goals that can be completed within timeboxed iterations, called sprints, no longer than one month and most commonly two weeks. The Scrum Team track progress in 15-minute time-boxed daily meetings, called daily scrums. At the end of the sprint, the team holds sprint review, to demonstrate the work done, and sprint retrospective to continuously improve.

Question 49

Semantic versioning

Answer 49

1. MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes, 2. MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards compatible manner, and 3. PATCH version when you make backwards compatible bug fixes.

Question 50

Waterfall Project Management

Answer 50

a breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialization of tasks.