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Programming Before > CS:APP One > Flashcards

CS:APP One Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer system?

A

A collection of hardware and software components that work together to run computer programs.

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2
Q

What is the source program a sequence of?

A

Bits with a value of 0 or 1

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3
Q

What are bits organised into?

A

8 bit chunks called bytes

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4
Q

What does each byte have?

A

An integer value that corresponds to a character

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5
Q

What are text files?

A

Files that consist exclusively of ACII characters?

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6
Q

What are files other than text files called?

A

Binary files

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7
Q

What is all information represented as?

A

A bunch of bits

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8
Q

What distinguishes different data objects?

A

The context in which we view them. For example, the same sequence of bits may represent an integer and a character.

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9
Q

What is a property of a high level program?

A

It can be understood by humans

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10
Q

What is required to run a high level program on a computer?

A

They must be translated by programs into a sequence of low level machine language instructions. THese instructions are then packaged in a form called an executable object program and stored as a binary disk file.

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11
Q

What is the translation from source file to object file performed by?

A

A compiler

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12
Q

What are the four phases of the compilation system?

A

Preprocessor, compiler, assembler, linker

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13
Q

What does the preprocessor do?

A

modifies the orginal C program according to directives that begin with the # character

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14
Q

What does the compiler do?

A

Translates into a file that contains an assembly language program. Each statement in an assembly language program exactly describes one low level machine language instruction in a standard text form

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15
Q

Why is assembly language useful?

A

It provides a common output language for different compilers for different high level languages

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16
Q

What does the assembler do?

A

translates the file into machine language instructions and packages them into relocatable object program. The file is a binary file whose bytes encode machine language instructions rather than characters.

17
Q

What does the linker do?

A

Handles the merging between files needed residing in the standard library/other files.

18
Q

What are 3 reasons programmers should know how compilers work?

A

We need to know how to optimise program performance. To understand link-time errors. Avoiding security bugs.

19
Q

What are buses?

A

Buses carry bytes of information back and forth between components.

20
Q

What are i/o devices?

A

I/o devices are the systems connections with the outer world.

21
Q

What is the processor?

A

The CPU is the engine that interprets (executes) instructions stored in the main memeory.

22
Q

What is at the core of a processors

A

A program counter (word sized storage device or register)

23
Q

What is cache?

A

Cache is extra memory that is quicker to read from than main memory.

24
Q

What is an operating system (simply)?

A

A layer of software interposed between the application program and the hardware. All attempts by an application program to manipulate the hardware must go through the operating system

25
Q

What are the two primary purposes of the operating system

A

TO protect the hardware from misuse. to provide applications with simple and uniform mechanisms for manipulating complicated and different hardware devices.

26
Q

With what 3 abstractions does an operating system perform its purposes?

A

processes, virtual memory and files

27
Q

What illusions are added by the idea of a process?

A

The program is te only one running on the system. THe program appears to have exclusive use of the processor, main memory and io devices. One after the other.

28
Q

What is a process?

A

It is the operating systems abstraction for running a program.

29
Q

What is context switching?

A

It is how operations of one process are interleaved with each other (concurrency)

Programming Before (8 decks)

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