CS

Question 1

Assembly vs. Machine Code

Answer 1

Machine code = binary codes understood by the CPU

Assembly is an abstraction language though it closely corresponds to CPU instructions

Question 2

Elf vs. Binary file

Answer 2

Binary is pure binary file - no symbols, address relocations
etc..
Intended for loading at specific location in memory.

Elf is “Executable Linkable Format” and contains symbol lookups, relocatable table, memory sections like text, data, bss etc…
Can be dynamically loaded anywhere in memory.
http://www.skyfree.org/linux/references/ELF_Format.pdf

Question 3

Linux binary utilities

Answer 3

xxd - handles hex and binary
hexdump - similar
objdump - display object file information
readelf - show all symbol information etc.. about elf
strings - show all ascii strings in a file
size - shows text, data, bss, dec, hex sizes

Question 4

Anatomy of a program in memory

Answer 4

http://duartes.org/gustavo/blog/post/anatomy-of-a-program-in-memory/

Question 5

C program memory layout

Answer 5

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/memory-layout-of-c-program/