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Metals Technology > Crystal Structure > Flashcards

Crystal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Fe

A

Iron, bcc to fcc (910)

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2
Q

Al

A

Aluminum, fcc

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3
Q

Ti

A

Titanium, hcp to bcc (882)

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4
Q

Cr

A

Cromium, bcc

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5
Q

Ni

A

Nickel, fcc

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6
Q

Cu

A

Copper, fcc

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7
Q

Zn

A

Zinc, hcp

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8
Q

Ag

A

Silver, fcc

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9
Q

Au

A

Gold, fcc

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10
Q

Pb

A

Lead, fcc

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11
Q

(hkl)

A

specific plane

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12
Q
A

family of directions

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13
Q

{hkl}

A

family of planes

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14
Q

[uvw]

A

specific direction

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15
Q

FCC stacking sequence is…

A

ABC…

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16
Q

HCP stacking sequence is…

A

ABAB…

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17
Q

Name 4 point defects (0‐dimensional)…

A

vacancies, self interstitial, interstitial, substitutional interstitial.

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18
Q

Name 3 line defects (1‐dimensional)…

A

edge dislocation, dislocation loop (interstitial type), dislocation loop (vacancy type)

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19
Q

Name 5 are (plane) defects (2‐dimensional)…

A

interfaces (stacking faults, surfaces, grain‐, phase‐, twin‐boundaries)

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20
Q

Name 4 volume (bulk) defects (3‐dimensional)…

A

pores/voids , precipitations, inclusions, cracks

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21
Q

Name 4 common that form interstitial solid solutions

A

B,C,N,O (because d/D

22
Q

The 4 Hume‐Rothery rules (all of which are necessary)

for complete solubility in the solid state.

A
  1. atomic size factor: less than 15%
  2. same crystal lattice
  3. electronegativity
  4. vacancies
    The first two are the most important.
23
Q

Burgers vector direction for simple cubic?

A

[100]

24
Q

Burgers vector direction for bcc?

A

[111]

25
Q

Burgers vector direction for fcc?

A

[110]

26
Q

Two types of dislocations are?

A

screw and edge

27
Q

Twinning is very unlikely in fcc or bcc?

A

bcc.

28
Q

Difference between an incoherent and coherent twin boundary (plane)?

A

A coherent twin boundary has a mirror plane. They’re less mobile (b/c of low energy) than incoherent boundaries.

Could have boundary energy as little as 20-40 times lower

29
Q

Threshold (in degrees) between high (HAB) and low (LAB) angle grain boundaries

A

15 degrees.

30
Q

two types of grain boundaries are…

A

tilt and twist

31
Q

coherent twin planes have low boundary energies which is good for what…?

A

increased conductivity (Really, decreased resistivity)

32
Q

The degree of segregation of solute elements decreases or increases with boundary energy?

A

increases

33
Q

CSL stands for?

A

Coincidence Site Lattice

34
Q

Gibbs free energy for binaries simplifies to, degrees of freedom (F) = …

A

F = 3-P. where p is the number of phases

35
Q

What are the two temperatures on a Cu-Ni binary phase diagram with complete solid solubility? (corresponding to 100% Cu and 100% Ni.

A

1085 C and 1453C (the melting temperatures of Copper and Nickel, respectively)

36
Q

Vegards rule for lattice constants?

A

a_new = a_a(1-x) + a_b(x)

37
Q

Difference between intermediate phases and inter-metallic compounds?

A

Inter-metallic compounds have narrow region (strict composition criteria) and are associated with high melting points.

38
Q

P+F = C+N

A

Gibbs free energy rule (phases, deg. freedom, components, N=1 for constant pressure)

39
Q

What is coring and what contributes to it?

A

inhomogeneous internal grain structure, caused during nucleation when the diffusion in the solid is slower than the diffusion of the liquid.

40
Q

What happens when both diffusion of liquid and solid are slow?

A

solute atoms, which are rejected from the solid remain near the solidification front in the melt (temperature in front of the solidification front in the melt is lower than T_liq = constitutional supercooling (i.e. caused by compositional changes) -> dendrites form from protuberances into that region of the melt.

41
Q

Most important eutectic phase transformation?

A

Austenite “y” to Ferrite+Cementite “a+FeC3”, known as pearlite (happens at 0.73% C)

42
Q

Whats strongest, incoherent, coherent or semicoherent, phase boundaries?

A

semicoherent (because of more misfit dislocations). This is key for precipitation hardening past GP I phase (coherent) into GPII/theta’’ or theta’ (semi coherent). But stop aging before theta (incoherent).

43
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium, hcp

44
Q

Li

A

Lithium, bcc to hcp

45
Q

Name 4 light weight metals

A

Mg, Li, Ti, Al

46
Q

Whats generally stronger, artificial or natural aging?

A

naturally aged metals

47
Q

Name the pure iron, steel, cast iron regions in terms of percent carbon

A

Pure Iron

48
Q

Two criteria for plastic deformation

A

Must have (1) dislocations and they must be able to (2) move.

49
Q

2 requirements for deformation

A

5+ slip systems, and that they are active (depends on deformation rate and temperature). Else, twinning can occur.

50
Q

4 methods for hardening

A

Solid solution hardening, grain refinement, work hardening, and precipitation hardening.

51
Q

Difference between recovery and recrystallization?

A

Recrystallization involves the rearranging or annihilation of high angle grain boundaries

52
Q

Explain Frank Read, Hall-Petch, and Vegards rule

A

(dislocation multiplication, grain size, mixing)

Metals Technology (1 decks)

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