Cryptography Terms (Ch. 8)

Question 1

Cryptographic algorithms that use two different keys, one key to encrypt and another to decrypt. Also called public key cryptography.

Answer 1

asymmetric cipher

Question 2

An authentication protocol that periodically reauthenticates.

Answer 2

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Question 3

When two different inputs into a cryptographic hash produce the same output, this is known as a __________.

Answer 3

collision

Question 4

A function that is one-way (nonreversible), has a fixed length output, and is collision resistant.

Answer 4

cryptographic hash

Question 5

an algorithm used to generate a number that is sufficiently random for cryptographic purposes.

Answer 5

pseudo-random number generator (PRNG)

Question 6

A table of precomputed hashes used to guess passwords by searching for the hash of a password.

Answer 6

rainbow table

Question 7

Bits added to a hash to make it resistant to rainbow table attacks.

Answer 7

salt

Question 8

Any cryptographic algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt. DES, AES, and Blowfish are examples.

Answer 8

symmetric cipher

Question 9

this standard is the most widely used standard for digital certificates.

Answer 9

X.509