Cryptographic Hash Algorithms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hash function?

A

One-way hash function that requires collision resistance

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2
Q

MD5

A
  • no effective collision resistance

- produces 128-bit hash

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3
Q

SHA-1 Function

A
  • Based on MD5

- Produces 160-bit hash

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4
Q

SHA-2

A
  • use if collision resistance is required
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5
Q

What is collision resistance?

A

When it is hard to find two inputs that hash into the same output

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6
Q

SHA-3

A

New hash algorithm standardised by NIST

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7
Q

Weakened or compromised hash functions?

A

1) MD5 suffered collision attack

2) SHA-1 vulnerable

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8
Q

Digital signatures

A
  • used to confirm identity of sender

1) signature generated from message and private key should verify authenticity with public key
2) infeasible to generate signature without private key

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9
Q

Cryptographic Signature

A
  • Hash made of message

- Fixed length digest unique to message

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10
Q

Collision attacks on MD5 & SHA-1

A

MD5: PlayStation attack on public keys

SHA-1: Created two PDF files with same signature

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11
Q

Message Authentication Codes

A
  • an authenticate tag for a message

- apply authentication scheme and secret key to message

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12
Q

Blockchain

A
  • combines elements of BitTorrent peer-to-peer sharing and cryptographic technology
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13
Q

Bitcoin

A

Global cryptocurrency and digital payment system

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