Crusades Flashcards
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Violent, fragmented, feudal society with strong lords and weak kings, rural, mostly poor and illiterate, very religious with the Roman Catholic Church as head.
What was the status of the Byzantine Empire in the 1090s?
Centralized and united with a great city, Constantinople; fairly wealthy and cultured; very religious with the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Who were primarily in charge of the Muslim Empire during the 1090s?
The Seljuk Turks.
What prompted Christians in Europe to be alarmed in the 1090s?
The Seljuk Turk advance and rumors about highway robbery and the killing of Christians in Jerusalem.
What was Emperor Alexios’s appeal to the West?
He requested help as the Seljuk Turks had advanced to within 100 miles of Constantinople.
What did Pope Urban call for in response to the situation?
A Crusade - a Holy War - to capture Jerusalem.
What was offered by Pope Urban to those participating in the Crusade?
Remission of sins - a ticket to heaven.
What happened at the Council of Clermont in November 1096?
Pope Urban called for a Crusade to capture the Holy City of Jerusalem, moving outside due to a large crowd.
What chant did the crowd erupt into at the end of Pope Urban’s speech?
“Deus Volt!” which means “God Wills it!”
What were the three motives behind Pope Urban’s speech?
- Religious: to save Jerusalem and Christians from the Seljuk Turks
- Political: to save the Byzantine Empire
- Personal: to become more powerful as head of a re-combined Christian Church.
What techniques did Pope Urban use to make his speech effective?
- Inflammatory language
- Promised remission of sins
- Framed commands as God’s commands
- Announced a leader for the Crusade
- Used peer pressure with the red cross
- Scheduled the Crusade for a holy day.
What was the significance of the red cross for volunteers?
It created peer pressure among knights to join the Crusade.
What was the timing of the Crusade scheduled by Pope Urban?
Next August, Assumption Day, to allow preparation and safe travel.
What other regions did the Crusaders wage war against?
Muslims in North Africa and Europe.
What was the impact of the Inquisition in Spain?
Persecution, torture, and killing of thousands who did not practice Christianity.
