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Crude Oil Organic Chemistry > Crude Oil Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Crude Oil Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

To know what crude oil is

A

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

How is crude oils separated into fractions

A

The crude oil is heated and vaporized and passed into the fractioning column- high surface area
There is a temperature gradient
To where the hydrocarbon gets depends on its boiling point

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3
Q

Volatile

A

How easy something turns into gas

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4
Q

Viscosity

A

How thick a liquid is

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5
Q

Refinery gas- USE

A

Heating and cooking

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6
Q

Petrol-USE

A

Fuel for cars

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7
Q

Kerosene-USE

A

Fuel for planes

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8
Q

diesel-USE

A

Fuel for cars trains and lorries

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9
Q

Fuel oil-USE

A

Fuel ships

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10
Q

Bitumin-USE

A

Road surfaces

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11
Q

Alkanes general formula

A

Cn H2n+2

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12
Q

Functional group

A

Atom or group of atoms that give a molecule its characteristic chemical properties

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13
Q

Molecular formula

A

How many atoms of each element are in the molecule

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14
Q

Displayed formula

A

Shows all the bonds in the molecule and how atoms are joined together

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15
Q

Structural formula

A

Shows how the carbons are joined together

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16
Q

Methane

A

CH4- Alkane

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17
Q

Ethane

A

C2H6-Alkane

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18
Q

Propane

A

C3H8-Alkane

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19
Q

Butane

A

C4H10-Alkane

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20
Q

Pentane

A

C5H12-Alkane

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21
Q

Hexane

A

C6H14-Alkane

22
Q

ISOMER

A

Isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

23
Q

Reactions of Alkanes

A

Combustion,substitution, cracking

24
Q

Combustion

A

When an alkane undergoes combustion two products are always formed. Water and carbon dioxide
CH4 + 2 O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

25
Q

Substitution

A

Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of UV light.

Methane+ bromine = bromethane + hydrogen bromide

26
Q

Substitution formula

A

C2H6 + Cl2 = C2H5Cl + ClH

Ethane + chlorine = chlorethane +

27
Q

Alkenes

A

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon to carbon double bond. C=C

28
Q

Ethane

A

C2H4-Alkenes

29
Q

Propene

A

C3H6-Alkenes

30
Q

Methene

A

NO methene as 2 carbon atoms needed for a double bond

31
Q

Butene

A

C4H8-Alkenes

  • 3Isomers
32
Q

Alkenes isomer

A

Cyclobutane

No double bonds, not an alkenes although C4H8 structure

33
Q

Alkenes general formula

A

Cn H2n

34
Q

Saturated

A

Only contains single bonds

35
Q

Unsaturated

A

Contains double and triple bond

36
Q

Test for saturation

A

Bromine water

  • alkenes(unsaturated) decolour the water
  • alkanes (saturated) stays orange
37
Q

Alkene reactions

A

Combustion
Addition
Polymerisation

38
Q

Cracking

A

Breaks long chain molecules into more economically useful shorter chain molecules
Eg. Petrol and alkenes which can be made into polymers
C10H22———> C3H8 + C7H14

39
Q

Cracking- basic

A

The major fractions in most sources of crude oil are bitumen and fuel oil. These fractions are not particularly useful

40
Q

CRACKING CONDITIONS

A

Temperature : 600-700

Catalyst: silica (Si02)

41
Q

Polymer

A

A long chain molecule that is made by joining lots of small molecules known as monomers together

42
Q

Polymeristaion

A

There are two types of polymerization; addition and condensation

43
Q

Addition polymerisation

A

Monomers that contain a double bond (alkenes) ca add together to make an addition polymer

44
Q

Saturation of the alkene monomer?

A

The alkene monomer is originally unsaturated

HOWEVER during polymerization the double bond breaks and the monomers join together

The polymer formed is saturated

45
Q

P-Alkene name: ethene

A

Poly(ethene)
Ch2=ch2 —-> repeating ch2-ch2
Use: plastic bags

46
Q

P-Alkene name: propene

A

Poly(propene)
Ch2=c(ch3)h —-> repeating ch2-c(ch3)h
Use: crates and ropes

47
Q

P-Alkene name:

A

G

48
Q

P-Alkene name:

A

H

49
Q

P-Alkene name:

A

H

50
Q

Viscosity in a fractioning column

A

Increases going up

Flow easily

51
Q

Flammability

A

Increases at the top

52
Q

Order of FDFCO

A

Bitumen,fuel oil, kerosene, gasoline(petrol), refinery gas

BFKGR

BRING FRIED KG RACHEL!

Crude Oil Organic Chemistry (1 decks)

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