Crude Oil Organic Chemistry

Question 1

To know what crude oil is

Answer 1

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

How is crude oils separated into fractions

Answer 2

The crude oil is heated and vaporized and passed into the fractioning column- high surface area
There is a temperature gradient
To where the hydrocarbon gets depends on its boiling point

Question 3

Volatile

Answer 3

How easy something turns into gas

Question 4

Viscosity

Answer 4

How thick a liquid is

Question 5

Refinery gas- USE

Answer 5

Heating and cooking

Question 6

Petrol-USE

Answer 6

Fuel for cars

Question 7

Kerosene-USE

Answer 7

Fuel for planes

Question 8

diesel-USE

Answer 8

Fuel for cars trains and lorries

Question 9

Fuel oil-USE

Answer 9

Fuel ships

Question 10

Bitumin-USE

Answer 10

Road surfaces

Question 11

Alkanes general formula

Answer 11

Cn H2n+2

Question 12

Functional group

Answer 12

Atom or group of atoms that give a molecule its characteristic chemical properties

Question 13

Molecular formula

Answer 13

How many atoms of each element are in the molecule

Question 14

Displayed formula

Answer 14

Shows all the bonds in the molecule and how atoms are joined together

Question 15

Structural formula

Answer 15

Shows how the carbons are joined together

Question 16

Methane

Answer 16

CH4- Alkane

Question 17

Ethane

Answer 17

C2H6-Alkane

Question 18

Propane

Answer 18

C3H8-Alkane

Question 19

Butane

Answer 19

C4H10-Alkane

Question 20

Pentane

Answer 20

C5H12-Alkane

Question 21

Hexane

Answer 21

C6H14-Alkane

Question 22

ISOMER

Answer 22

Isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 23

Reactions of Alkanes

Answer 23

Combustion,substitution, cracking

Question 24

Combustion

Answer 24

When an alkane undergoes combustion two products are always formed. Water and carbon dioxide
CH4 + 2 O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

Question 25

Substitution

Answer 25

Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of UV light. | Methane+ bromine = bromethane + hydrogen bromide

Question 26

Substitution formula

Answer 26

C2H6 + Cl2 = C2H5Cl + ClH | Ethane + chlorine = chlorethane +

Question 27

Alkenes

Answer 27

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon to carbon double bond. C=C

Question 28

Ethane

Answer 28

C2H4-Alkenes

Question 29

Propene

Answer 29

C3H6-Alkenes

Question 30

Methene

Answer 30

NO methene as 2 carbon atoms needed for a double bond

Question 31

Butene

Answer 31

C4H8-Alkenes - 3Isomers

Question 32

Alkenes isomer

Answer 32

Cyclobutane | No double bonds, not an alkenes although C4H8 structure

Question 33

Alkenes general formula

Answer 33

Cn H2n

Question 34

Saturated

Answer 34

Only contains single bonds

Question 35

Unsaturated

Answer 35

Contains double and triple bond

Question 36

Test for saturation

Answer 36

Bromine water - alkenes(unsaturated) decolour the water - alkanes (saturated) stays orange

Question 37

Alkene reactions

Answer 37

Combustion Addition Polymerisation

Question 38

Cracking

Answer 38

Breaks long chain molecules into more economically useful shorter chain molecules Eg. Petrol and alkenes which can be made into polymers C10H22———> C3H8 + C7H14

Question 39

Cracking- basic

Answer 39

The major fractions in most sources of crude oil are bitumen and fuel oil. These fractions are not particularly useful

Question 40

CRACKING CONDITIONS

Answer 40

Temperature : 600-700 | Catalyst: silica (Si02)

Question 41

Polymer

Answer 41

A long chain molecule that is made by joining lots of small molecules known as monomers together

Question 42

Polymeristaion

Answer 42

There are two types of polymerization; addition and condensation

Question 43

Addition polymerisation

Answer 43

Monomers that contain a double bond (alkenes) ca add together to make an addition polymer

Question 44

Saturation of the alkene monomer?

Answer 44

The alkene monomer is originally unsaturated HOWEVER during polymerization the double bond breaks and the monomers join together The polymer formed is saturated

Question 45

P-Alkene name: ethene

Answer 45

Poly(ethene) Ch2=ch2 —-> repeating ch2-ch2 Use: plastic bags

Question 46

P-Alkene name: propene

Answer 46

Poly(propene) Ch2=c(ch3)h —-> repeating ch2-c(ch3)h Use: crates and ropes

Question 47

P-Alkene name:

Answer 47

G

Question 48

P-Alkene name:

Answer 48

H

Question 49

P-Alkene name:

Answer 49

H

Question 50

Viscosity in a fractioning column

Answer 50

Increases going up | Flow easily

Question 51

Flammability

Answer 51

Increases at the top

Question 52

Order of FDFCO

Answer 52

Bitumen,fuel oil, kerosene, gasoline(petrol), refinery gas BFKGR BRING FRIED KG RACHEL!