Crude Oil, Fuels And Organic Chem

Question 1

WHAT IS CRUDE OIL?

Answer 1

The source of vast majority of fossil fuels.
Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

WHAT ARE HYDROCARBONS?

Answer 2

Molecules that contain only carbon + hydrogen

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE 7 FRACTIONS OF CRUDE OIL?

Answer 3

• Refinery gas. Real
• Petroleum. People
• Naphtha. Never
• Kerosene. Kill
• Diesel. Dogs
• Fuel oil. For
• Bitumen Bones

Question 4

WHICH FRACTION OF CRUDE OIL HAS THE LOWEST BOILING POINT?

Answer 4

Refinery gas

Question 5

WHICH FRACTION OF CRUDE OIL HAS THE HIGHEST BOILING POINT?

Answer 5

Bitumen

Question 6

WHAT IS A USE OF REFINERY GAS?

Answer 6

Portable burners (lighters)

Question 7

WHAT IS A USE OF PETROLEUM?

Answer 7

Fuel for car

Question 8

WHAT IS A USE OF NAPHTHA?

Answer 8

Make other chemicals - plastic

Question 9

WHAT IS A USE OF KEROSINE?

Answer 9

Fuel for plane

Question 10

WHAT IS A USE OF DIESEL?

Answer 10

Fuel for train + lorry

Question 11

WHAT IS A USE OF FUEL OIL?

Answer 11

Ships + heating buildings

Question 12

WHAT IS A USE OF BITUMEN?

Answer 12

Used as TAR to make road

Question 13

WHEN DOES COMBUSTION OCCUR?

Answer 13

When chemical reacts with oxygen to produce heat (exo) , light + products

Question 14

WHAT DOES THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS PRODUCE?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 15

WHAT DOES THE COMBUSTION OF ALCOHOLS PRODUCE?

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

WHAT DOES THE COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN PRODUCE?

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF THE FIRE TRIANGLE?

Answer 17

Heat
Oxygen
Fuel

Question 18

WHAT IS THE METHOD TO REMOVE HEAT FROM A FIRE?

Answer 18

Put water on it

Question 19

WHAT IS THE METHOD TO REMOVE OXYGEN FROM A FIRE?

Answer 19

• CO2 extinguishers

• Foam extinguishers

• Fire blanket

Question 20

WHAT IS THE METHOD TO REMOVE FUEL FROM A FIRE?

Answer 20

• Forests having section with no trees to prevent forest fire spread

• Felling + removing trees around fire to stop it from spreading

• Use of non-flammable or fire-resistant materials

Question 21

WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR ENERGY RELEASED IN THE FORMATION OF FUELS?

Answer 21

Energy released = mass of water x 4.2 x temp rise / mass of alcohol burned

Question 22

WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF AN ALKANE?

Answer 22

CnH2n+2

Question 23

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH ONE CARBON ATOM?

Answer 23

Methane

Question 24

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH TWO CARBON ATOMS?

Answer 24

Ethane

Question 25

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH THREE CARBON ATOMS?

Answer 25

Propane

Question 26

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH FOUR CARBON ATOMS?

Answer 26

Butane

Question 27

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKANE WITH FIVE CARBON ATOMS?

Answer 27

Pentane

Question 28

WHAT DOES CRACKING INVOLVE?

Answer 28

Heating the long chain alkanes in the presence of a catalyst but in the absence of oxygen - breaks them down into smaller hydrocarbons. The products of cracking are shorter chain alkanes.

Question 29

ARE ALKANES SATURATED?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

ARE ALKENES SATURATED?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF AN ALKENE?

Answer 31

CnH2n

Question 32

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKENE WITH TWO CARBON ATOMS?

Answer 32

Ethene

Question 33

WHAT IS THE NAME OF AN ALKENE WITH THREE CARBON ATOMA?

Answer 33

Propene

Question 34

WHAT BOND IS PRESENT IN AN ALKENE THATS DIFFERENT TO AN ALKANE?

Answer 34

One double bond between two carbon atoms

Question 35

WHAT ARE THE TWO ADDITION REACTIONS RELATED TO ALKENES?

Answer 35

1) Addition of Br2 : removes double bond and places two atoms of Br in its place 2) Addition of H2 : removes double bond and places two atoms of H in its place (forms an alkane)

Question 36

WHAT IS POLYMERISATION?

Answer 36

Alkenes form polymers. One of bonds in the double bonds break and join into another monomer. This process repeats until a long polymer chain is formed.

Question 37

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE FOUR POLYMERS ALKENE MAKES?

Answer 37

• Polyethene • Polypropene • PVC (vinyl chloride) • PTFE (tetrafluroethene)

Question 38

WHAT IS A USE OF POLYETHENE?

Answer 38

Plastic bags and bottles

Question 39

WHAT IS A USE OF POLYPROPENE?

Answer 39

Ropes and plastic crates

Question 40

WHAT IS A USE OF PVC?

Answer 40

Window frames

Question 41

WHAT IS A USE OR TETRAFLUROETHENE?

Answer 41

Non-stick coating on pans

Question 42

WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF AN ALCOHOL?

Answer 42

CnH2n+1OH

Question 43

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE DIFFERENT ALCOHOLS?

Answer 43

• Methanol • Ethanol • Propanol •Butanol • Pentanol

Question 44

HOW IS ETHANOL MADE?

Answer 44

Fermentation. Yeast mixed with glucose in water

Question 45

WHAT IS THE TEST FOR ALCOHOLS?

Answer 45

Mix with potassium dichromate. Colour change from orange to green.

Question 46

WHAT ARE ISOMERS?

Answer 46

Molecules with same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the way in which the atoms are joined together. (Different structure)

Question 47

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ISOMERISM?

Answer 47

1) Chain isomerism: extra carbon + hydrogen 2) Position isomerism: functional group of molecule moves to a different position in chain

Question 48

WHAT ARE THE STEPS TO NAMING ISOMERS?

Answer 48

1) Identify longest chain of unbroken carbon atoms 2) Identify functional group of molecule (alcohol, alkene, alkane) 3) Number the chain location (smallest) 4) Name the isomer

Question 49

WHAT IS THE USE OF INFARED SPECTROSCOPY?

Answer 49

Identify specific bonds between atoms in an organic molecule

Question 50

WHAT DO ‘PEAKS’ SHOW ON AN INFARED SPECTRUM GRAPH?

Answer 50

Wavelength of certain bonds - if peak = bond is present