Crude Oil and Fuels

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

How can you seperate unchanged hydrocarbons from crude oil?

Answer 2

Fractional Distillation

Question 3

How are alkane seperate in fractional distillation?

Answer 3

They’re heated so that the crude oil evaporates. The hydrocarbons cool/ condense (at different boiling points)

Question 4

What are alkane?

Answer 4

They’re saturated hydrocarbons which are joined together by single bonds. They’re relatively unreactive

Question 5

What is distillation?

Answer 5

A process used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids

Question 6

When does distillation work? When is it most used?

Answer 6

It works when the liquids have different boiling points, such as ethanol and water

Question 7

What happens with fractional distillation?

Answer 7

It separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. It is placed underneath a column which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. High boiling point substances condense at the bottom and vice versa.

Question 8

What is the general formula for an alkane?

Answer 8

CnH2n +2

Question 9

What are general properties of hydrocarbons?

Answer 9

• The shorter the molecules the less viscous they are.
• The shorter, the more volatile they are.
• The shorter, the more flammable they are.

Question 10

What problem does carbon dioxide cause?

Answer 10

Global warming

Question 11

What problem does sulphur dioxide cause?

Answer 11

Acid rain

Question 12

What problem does carbon monoxide cause?

Answer 12

Reduce the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen

Question 13

What problem does nitrogen oxide cause?

Answer 13

Triggers asthma attacks and it can cause acid rain

Question 14

What problems does particulates cause?

Answer 14

Damage cells in your lungs and therefore causes cancer

Question 15

Advantages of using/ producing ethanol:

Answer 15

• Easily made by fermenting sugar cane

- Gives off CO2 but the sugar came it comes from absorbs CO2 when growing

Question 16

Disadvantages of using/ producing ethanol:

Answer 16

• Large areas of farmland required
• Less food produced as people use it for fuel instead
• Engines need to be converted before they will work with ethanol fuel- this fuel isn’t widely available

Question 17

Advantages of producing biodiesel:

Answer 17

• Less harmful to animals
• Breaks down 5 times quicker
• Reduces particulates -Creation produces more useful products
• CO2 neutral

Question 18

Disadvantages of using biodiesel:

Answer 18

• Large areas of farmland required
• Less food produced- famine
• Destruction of habitats
• Freezes at low temperatures -Expensive to produce