Crude Oil and Fractional Distillation Flashcards
Revise the topic of Crude Oil, fractional distillation and complete and incomplete combustion
What is Crude Oil?
a mixture of HYDROCARBONS (Hydrogen and Carbon atoms ONLY) of DIFFERENT sized MOLECULES.
What are Fossil Fuels?
COAL (solid), OIL (liquid), NATURAL GAS (gas).These have all been formed over MILLIONS of YEARS from plants and animals that have DIED.(Dead plants and animals under HEAT and PRESSURE for MILLIONS of YEARS)
What is Fractional Distillation?
when CRUDE OIL (a mixture of Hydrocarbons) are SPLIT into SEPARATE HYDROCARBONS (FUELS). Remember the Fractional Distillation column.
What process is used to split Crude Oil into Fuels?
Fractional Distillation.Crude Oil is heated to a vapourFractions (different fuels) are taken off depending on their CONDENSING temperature (boiling point).
In a Fractional Distillation Column, where will the shortest hydrocarbon chains be found?
Shorter chains of hydrocarbons rise to the top.(Think of the picture of the Fractional Distillation Column and the C-C-C at the top and really long C-C-C-C-C chains at the bottom)
In a Fractional Distillation Column where is the temperature the lowest?
The temperature is lowest at the TOP!This is where gases are collected. (Remember that a gas is a gas at room temperature so it doesn’t need heating!)
What consitency will a long chain hydrocarbon have?
Long chain hydrocarbons are thicker and stickier (more VISCOUS), such as Oil and Bitumen.
What is Bituman used for?
Bitumen is used as tar on raods. (It is very VISCOUS–sticky)
What is the purpose of Fractional Distillation?
To seperate crude oil into more useful fuels. These fuels can then be CRACKED to make more of the useful fuels and PLASTICS!
What properties do longer hydrocarbon chains have?
The LONGER the chain of HYDROCARBONS, the HIGHER the BOILING POINTIt gets LESS FLAMMABLE (doesn’t set fire easily)It gets more VISCOUS (sticky and less runny)
What is Complete Combustion?
Complete Combustion is the safe burning of any Hydrocarbon (fuel) in Oxygen. Fuel + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the word equation for Complete Combustion of a Hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the problem with Incomplete Combustion?
Incomplete combustion is NOT SAFE!There isn’t enough oxygen so the combustion is not complete.It produces (deadly) CARBON MONOXIDE and CARBON as a waste product.CARBON MONOXIDE is a very POISONOUS Gas.It attaches to the haemoglobin in blood and prevents OXYGEN from being carried around the body. This means DEATH.
