Crude Oil Flashcards
Crude oil
A mixture of different lengths of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon
A molecule only made of hydrogen and carbon
How many bonds does carbon have?
4
How many bonds does hydrogen have?
1
What is the valence shell?
The outer shell
Do alkanes have a double bond?
No
Do alkenes have a double bond?
Yes
Prefix for 1 carbon
Meth-
Prefix for 2 carbons
Eth-
Prefix for 3 carbons
Prop-
Prefix for 4 carbons
But-
Prefix for 5 carbons
Pent-
How to test for an alkene/ unsaturated bond/ double bond (2)
・Add bromine water to the sample (colour = orange)
・If there is an alkene the colour will turn transparent
Does an alkene with 1 carbon exist?
No
Process of fractional distillation (5)
・A tall column is added with several condensers.
・The machine is hottest at the bottom and coolest at the top
・ Crude oil is added into the bottom of the machine
・The hydrocarbon chains with less carbon atoms rise to the top (lower boiling point)
・When the hydrocarbons condense, they are collected on the side
Flammability
How easily something burns
Volatility
How easily it turns into a gas
Viscosity
.
Products of a complete combustion of a hydrocarbon (2)
・Carbon dioxide
・Water
Products of an incomplete combustion (ie. not enough oxygen) of a hydrocarbon (3)
・ Water
・ Carbon monoxide
・Carbon dioxide
Where does cracking take place?
In an oil refinery called cracker
What does cracking do?
Improve the efficiency of making crude oil
Methods of cracking (2)
Catalytic cracking - uses a zeolite or aluminium oxide based catalyst
・Steam cracking
