crude oil Flashcards
crude oil
a mixture of different length hydro carbons
hydrocarbon
a molecule that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms onlyyyyyyy
what is Crude oil made from
dead marine organisms that have decayed over millions of years in the absence of oxygen
how can we separate crude oil
fractional distillation
fuel
compound that has stored energy
combustion
reacting a fuel with oxygen
parital combustion
carbon monoxide and water
full combustion
co2 and h2o
hydogen as a fuel is used in
Hydrogen is used as a rocket fuel and in hydrogen fuel
cells that are now being utilised to power cars
+ and - of hydrogen
Advantages Disadvantages
Produced from
water; therefore, it is
renewable.
Requires large amounts
of electricity to produce
hydrogen from water by
electrolysis.
Water is the only
product of its
combustion so burning
hydrogen does not
contribute towards
global warming or acid
rain.
Storage requires bulky
and heavy pressurised
containers.
It ignites easily. Forms an explosive
mixture with air.
what is an alkene
type of hydrocarbon
what is an alkane
type of hydrocarbon
bond for alkanes
general formula
single bond only and are saturated
c h2n+2
carbon always makes four bonds
hydrogen always make 1 bonds
sing all the prefixes
ill start you of……
1 is meth
2 is eth………..
alkenes type of bond
general formula
double bond
cn h2n
what is the fire triangle
for fire to burn and to continue to brn the must have all three side
oxygen
fuel
heat
name the types of fire that oxygen are present in how can we remove this
oil fires
chip pan
electrical
we can remove by
fire blanket
co2 extinguisher
name the types of fire that fuel is present in how can we remove this
forest fires
we can remove this by
fire break (the tree is the fuel)
name the types of fire that heat is present in how can we remove this
house fire, wood fire,
paper fire
how can we remove this
water
does the oxidation of an alcohol cause it to become
carboxylic acid=COOH
c==o
/
o—h
suffix is oic
how many bonds does the oxygen in an alcohol make
2
what is the general formula for and alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
name ends with ol
structural formula for alcohol
o———h
bond
what are the 2 methods of making alcohol
fermentation
addition reaction
describe fermentation
raw material =sugar from sugar cane
reaction=
C6 H12 O6 (aq) ———–>2C2H5OH (aq)+2CO2(g)
the oporating pressure 1 atm
the type of process requires distillation to separate ethanol form other products has a yeas0
yeast catalyst
advantages of frementation
cheap
carbon neutral
renewable
disadvantages of fermentation
takes a very long time
requires further separation
what happens when the carbon chains become longer
As the carbon chain length of a fraction increases:
the boiling point increases
the viscosity (thickness) increases
the ease of ignition decreases
the colour becomes darker (colourless → yellow → brown)
the cleanliness of burn decreases (more soot is given off by lower fractions).
what do the intermolecular forces do to the molecule
intermolecular forces hold the hydrocarbon molecules together. As the hydrocarbon chains get longer, the intermolecular forces become stronger. This means that more energy is needed to overcome them in order for melting or boiling to occur in longer hydrocarbon chains
