Crude oil

Question 1

Crude oil

Answer 1

• mixture of differnt length hydrocarbons

Question 2

what happens to fuel when burned?

Answer 2

When burned releases heat energy

Question 3

Alkanes

Answer 3

Saturated : contain only single bonds

Question 4

combustion

Answer 4

reacting fuel and oxygen together

Question 5

Isomer

Answer 5

Compound with the same number of atoms but arranged differently

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

Differ by CH2

• Same functional group
• Same general formula
• similar chemical properties

Question 7

incomplete combustion

Answer 7

Fuel + O2 —> CO + H2O + CO2

Monoxide is produced - poisonous

Question 8

Complete combustion

Answer 8

Fuel + O2 —-> CO2 + H2O

Question 9

Substitution

Answer 9

Reaction of halogens and Alkanes soley under UV light

Question 10

Car engines

Answer 10

Have a high enough temp to produce oxides of Nitrogen e.g Nitrogen oxide

Question 11

Combustion of sulphur impurities

Answer 11

Can lead to sulphur dioxide because the sulphur in fuel will react with the Oxygen in combustion

Question 12

Sulfur dioxides and Oxides of nitrogen

Answer 12

cause acid rain
When emitted into the atmosphere can cause H+ ions when reacting with rain water.

Corrodes Limestone and kills plants/ wild life

Question 13

refinery gases

Answer 13

at top

for cooking

Question 14

Gasoline/petrol use

Answer 14

For cars

Question 15

Kerosene

Answer 15

for aeroplanes

Question 16

fuel oil use

Answer 16

Ships

Question 17

bitumen use

Answer 17

roads

Question 18

general formula for alkanes

Answer 18

CnH2n+2

Question 19

Methane

Answer 19

1 carbon
CH4

Question 20

Ethane

Answer 20

2 carbons
C2H6

Question 21

Propane

Answer 21

3 Carbons
C3H8

Question 22

Butane

Answer 22

4 carbons
C4H10

Question 23

fractional distillation

Answer 23

Shorter chain at top ( refinery gases)
Longer chain at bottom (bitumen)

Question 24

Small molecules

Answer 24

• top of fractioning column
• more volatile (flammable)
  -Lower boiling point
• Less viscous
  -Lighter in colour

Question 25

Big molecules

Answer 25

• Viscous
• Bottom of fractioning column
• Less volatile
  -Higher boiling point
• Darker

Question 26

ritzy Penguins Keep Drinking Hot Beer.

Answer 26

refinery gases
Petrol
Kerosene
Diesel
Heavy fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 27

what is general formula?

Answer 27

CnH2n+2 or CnH2n

Question 28

What is functional group?

Answer 28

particular group of atoms which are responsible for how the molecule reacts.

Question 29

why is cracking neccesary?

Answer 29

Demand for smaller chained alkanes is much greater than that for longer chained
alkanes – however, supply for longer chained alkanes is greater than that for
smaller chained alkanes, therefore they are cracked

Question 30

How does cracking work?

Answer 30

• Hydrocarbons are heated to vaporise them
• Either passed over a catalyst (silica or alumina)
• or mixed with stem and heated to a hight temp (600-700 degrees)

Question 31

Product of cracking

Answer 31

he products of cracking include alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons called
alkenes. Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n

Question 32

fractional distillation process

Answer 32

• oil is heated in the fractioning column and oil condenses at different temperatures
• shorter chain hydrocarbons become gases and longer chain oils are tapped off at the bottom in their corresponding fraction

Question 33

Cracking catalysts

Answer 33

Silica and alumina

Question 34

why are addition polymers difficult to biodegrade?

Answer 34

their inertness (they are unreactive)

Question 35

biodegrade

Answer 35

broken down by microorganisms

Question 36

addition polymerisation

Answer 36

• only one product is formed
• no atoms lost