Crucial Info

Question 1

תנאים

Answer 1

20-200 CE 
Mishna, Breita 
Rabbi Akiva (early) - חורבן בית שני 
Compiled it in 20CE - רבי יהודה הנשיא 
עת לעשות לה׳ הפרו תורתיך

Question 2

אמוראים

Answer 2

200-500CE
Gemara. Analyze Mishnah
Compiled it and ended the era: רבינא ורב אשי in 500CE. Talmud Bavli.

Question 3

גאונים

Answer 3

589-1000CE

Most famous for their שאלות ותשובות

Question 4

ראשונים

Answer 4

1000-1500CE
Commentaries and sfarim on Gemara and Halacha
1. Commentary on Gemara
2. Sifrei Psak
Era ends with shulchan aruch, which is THE sefer of psak.

Question 5

אחרונים

Answer 5

1500-present
Continue work of ראשונים
Gemara: shiur and analysis on rishonim commentaries
Sifrei psak: wrote commentaries on the earlier ones and authored new ones that included modern situations.

Question 6

שישה סדרי משנה

Answer 6

זרעים, מועד, נשים, נזיקין, קדשים, טהרות

Question 7

זרעים

Answer 7

Agricultural law

Brachot

Question 8

מועד

Answer 8

Shabbos, holidays

Shabbat, Rosh Hashanah, Yoma, Sukkah

Question 9

נשים

Answer 9

Related to women

Sotah, Gittink Kiddushin, Yevamot

Question 10

נזיקין

Answer 10

Civil law

Sanhedrin, Makkot, Bava Kama, Bava Batra

Question 11

קדשים

Answer 11

Korbanot

Zevachim, Menachot

Question 12

טהרות

Answer 12

Tumah and Tahara

Niddah

Question 13

Rashi

Answer 13

11c
France (ashkenaz)
Wrote peirush on all of tanach and most of Shas
Goal: to help read and clarify the text in front of you.

Question 14

Tosafot

Answer 14

12c
Ashkenaz
Style: collation, contradiction, resolution - reading all sugyot on a topic in light of each other and reconciling any seeming contradictions so that a comprehensive understanding of the topic emerges. A total revolution on how to learn.
Rabbeinu Tam (Rav Yaakov Ben Meir) - grandson of Rashi, 12c, “father” of this revolution.

Question 15

וא״ת

Answer 15

ואם תאמר

Usually how tosafot into their question

Question 16

י״ל

Answer 16

יש לומר

Usually how tosafot intro their answer

Question 17

Rambam

Answer 17

12c
Spain, Egypt
ספרד
Mishna Torah - a comprehensive and organized sefer of psak Halacha
Moreh Nevuchim (guide to the perplexed) - philosophy
Also wrote a peirush on Mishnah, Sefer HaMitzvot (lists all 613)

Question 18

Tur

Answer 18

Rav Yaakov Ben Asher (son of the Rosh!) 
Ba’al haTurim 
13-14c 
Arba Turim (tur is a nickname) - 4 parts (shulchan aruch uses these four parts after) 
אורח חיים 
יורה דעה 
אבן העזר 
חושן משפט

Question 19

אורח חיים

Answer 19

Daily life, Shabbat, holidays

Question 20

יורה דעה

Answer 20

Kashrut, niddah, aveilut (among other topics)

Question 21

אבן העזר

Answer 21

Marriage and divorce

Question 22

חושן משפט

Answer 22

Civil law

Question 23

Shulchan Arukh

Answer 23

Rav Yosef Karo (המחבר)
16c
Sefard
It became THE Sefer of psak - that’s why he’s called THE author
Writes that made his decisions based on majority rule of the שלושה עמודי הוראה - Rif (sefardi), Rambam (sefardi), and Rosh (ashkenazi).

Question 24

Rav Yosef Karo

Answer 24

Initially wrote a commentary on the Tur called the Beit Yosef (- encyclopedic - quotes Gemaras and Rishonim that are related to the Halacha before stating his psak
The Shulchan arukh is the cliff notes version - compilation of all the bottom lines from BY without all the background info.
That’s why עין משפט נר מצוה combines them into טוש״ע, because have same 4 חלקים

Question 25

Rama

Answer 25

Rav Moshe Isserles
Ashkenaz (Poland)
16c
Mapa - add ashkenaz psak to Shulchan Arukh (haga)
It was the bottom lines from his commentary on tur (darkei Moshe).

Question 26

Mishnah Berura

Answer 26

Rav Yisrael Meir HaKohen Kagan 
Chafetz Chaim 
19c 
Radin, Poland 
Commentary on אורח חיים that updates it and clarifies points and is often accepted as THE psak