CRST Exam 1 Flashcards by Alexcina Wartski

The Difference between Civil and Criminal Law

Civil: Things dealing with disputes between two people

Criminal: Crime and legal offenses

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5 elements of crime

Must have a conduct/action, must have the intent of guilty mind, prohibited by law, punishable by law, performed voluntarily

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What does a criminologist study

Someone who studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior

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UCR

FBI database
Politically skewed, not all departments participate, can calculate crime

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National Crime Victimization Survey

Self reported
Can skew numbers based on reports

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Child abuse and Neglect System

Focuses on children under 18
Has to be investigated by CPS, reports that are not screened do not get an investigation

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What is the formula for calculating crime rate?

of crimes/number of population x 100,000= # of crime per 100,000

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Difference between 2nd degree murder and felony murder?

2nd: crime of passion (not meditated)
Felony: when someone dies as a result of a criminal activity

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Racial relationship between homicide victims and offenders

The offenders are usually the same race as the victim

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Gender trends between homicide victims and offenders

Mostly men are victims of homicide, goes from black to white men, mostly white men are offenders

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Relationship between increasing numbers of people immigrating to the US and homicide rates

Rates go down because they do not want to start violence in the US

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Social pattern of homicide, relationship between offenders and victims

Most homicide victims know their offenders, arguments are the main cause of non-felony related murder, many more male victims and perpetrators.

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What country has the highest rate of homicide for men ages 18-24

USA

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Country with the highest homicide rate for infants

USA

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Chances of being murdered in the USA

1 in 20,000

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What group are the targets of most massacres in US History?

Native American groups

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How common is serial murder

Not common, on the decline due to technology, less than .000001 of murders

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What country has the highest percentage of women killed with a gun in an IPV relationship?

USA

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How much does gun access increase the likelihood of an abuser killing a female victim in an IPV relationship?

28x more likely to die

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How much money was lost due to robberies in the US in 2019?

482 million

What do robbers judge about a person’s physical presentation before deciding whether to target that person?

Stride length, foot movement, arm swing, body weight shift, posture

Best way to prevent a robbery

Walk normally and with a purpose

If you are robbed, what is the best chance of escaping without harm?

Give the robber what they want

What is an important factor to create a situation that welcomes an aggravated assault?

Crowds and people that can egg on a situation

What can be done to prevent aggravated assault?

Don't escalate a situation/be egged on and walk away

How can you prevent most larceny-theft from your personal possessions?

Lock cars and vehicles, keep possessions in eyeshot

What are the 3 categories that burglars consider before breaking into a house?

Occupancy: Are people home? Surveillability: Can you be seen breaking in? Accessibility: How easy it is to access the house (how many floors, dogs, etc.)

5 motives for motor-vehicle theft

Joyriders, traveler, felon, parts chopper, shipper

Which property crime is tied to severe psycho-social conflicts?

Arson

What age does deviant fire starting turn into problematic behavior?

Age 8

What are signs of an abusive relationship?

Insulting, pressure, jealousy, intimidation

Why do people abuse?

Power and Control

Obstacles to someone leaving an abusive relationship

Family Pressure, religion, financial reasons

How many women in the US have experienced IPV

1 in 4

% of rape committed by a stranger to the victim

13%

What group has the highest victimization rate of IPV

Alaska Natives and Native Americans

What factors make it harder for people in a violent, no-hetero relationship to seek out help?

Fear of being outed, transgender people not being allowed in many shelters

How many rapists are convicted and punished for their crimes

1 out of 16

Signs of sexual abuse in a child victim

sexual behavior that is inappropriate for their age, bed wetting, not wanting to be left alone, refusal to bathe

What are the signs of an adult who is sexually abusing a child

Not listening to "no", gives child gifts without reason, talks with children about personal problems, tries to be the child's friend

What crime is most likely to be caused by substance abuse

Aggravated Assault

Most common crime in America

Larceny Theft

What crimes have the highest reporting rate

Motor Vehicle Theft

Which crimes are the most gender differentiated

Sexual violence: men are responsible (90%), men do aggravated assault, women: shoplifting

What is the most underreported crime?

Sexual Assault/Rape

What makes Elite Deviance hard to detect?

Corporations can cover it up/pay people off

Elite Deviance examples

Watergate: $750 million in bribes to foreign governments helped contribute to campaign Flint Michigan: Site issues that no one addressed led to the poisoning of flint Michigan water. Officials knew the water was poisonous and covered it up

What type of crime kills more people in a year

Elite Deviance (unsafety in the workplace and unsafe products)