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CRST > CRST - Applied Fundamentals > Flashcards

CRST - Applied Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Loss

A

harm to people; damage to equipment or property; destruction of material

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2
Q

accident

A

an undesired event that results in loss. Other adjectives commonly used are an unplanned, unexpected, or unintended event

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3
Q

hazard

A

a condition or practice with the potential for accidental loss

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4
Q

risk

A

the chance of loss when exposed to a hazard. risk includes element of probability, including the degree of exposure and the severity (consequences) of exposure

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5
Q

Danger

A

relative exposure of people to a hazard. It suggests that there is a definite chance of harm, but the hard in not always certain

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6
Q

safety

A

the control of recognized hazards to attain an acceptable level of risk. relative protection from exposure to the hazard

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7
Q

accident has been replaced with?

A

incident

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8
Q

incident refers to both

A

loss producing events and events with the potential for loss

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9
Q

hazard analysis

A

the examination of information to estimate the risk to individuals, property, etc for the purpose of eliminating or controlling the hazard

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10
Q

systemic hazard analysis can and should be applied to

A

any potential loss exposure

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11
Q

hazard analysis involves 2 steps

A
  1. hazard identification and evaluation

2. Risk analysis

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12
Q

A well-managed inspection program can meet the following goals

A
  1. identify potential problems
  2. identify equipment deficiencies
  3. identify improper employee actions
  4. identify effects of change
  5. identify inadequacies in remedial action
  6. provide management information
  7. demonstrate management commitment
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13
Q

3 risk pryamids

A
  1. Heinrich ratio
  2. first bird ratio
  3. second bird ratio
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14
Q

who should conduct an investigation?

A

first line supervision

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15
Q

There are a number of ways to analyze and evaluate the causes of an incident. what are they?

A
  1. accident causation model

2. accident theory

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16
Q

two types of causes? and what are they?

A
  1. immediate cause (unsafe conditions/practices)

2. underlying root cause - that contributed to the existence of those immediate causes

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17
Q

Accident causation models …

A

are an attempt to present the underlying premises of the theory in an easy to understand way

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18
Q

psychological/behavior models focus on

A

stress and human error

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19
Q

Accident proneness theory

A

theory assumes that there are certain personal characteristics that make some people more likely to have accidents.

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20
Q

The more rich the climate n rewarding opportunities, the higher the level if alertness, the higher the level of work quality, and the lower the probability of accidents, this theory would be

A

The goals freedom alertness theory

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21
Q

It shows that accidents or incidents are the result of some combination of human error and system failure, this theory is?

A

The Petersen accident-incident causation model

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22
Q

Modern loss causation models illustrate the following principals

A
  1. multiple causes
  2. multilinear interaction of causes and effects
  3. multiple opportunities for control
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23
Q

3 measures of central tendency

A

the mode,, median and mean

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24
Q

safety performance is…

A

relative

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25
Q

severity rate equation

A

severity rate = total days lost X 200,000 man hours / exposure hours

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26
Q

2 basic approaches to task analysis

A
  1. observation and discussion

2. discussion alone

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27
Q

CRST competencies also describe the following as additional methods of hazard analysis

A
  1. material/process flow - flow or movement from raw to finished
  2. process - hazards that evolve as a result of the work
  3. process safety - chemicals, manufacturing or other “processes-orientated” industrial operations
28
Q

StD concept applies

A

risk management principals at the design stage

29
Q

“TQM” stands for

A

Total quality Management

30
Q

“StD” stands for

A

Safety Through Design

31
Q

A CRST should be able to define the nature of hazards likely to be encountered within the scope of work and should review bid proposals to ensure contracts being awarded provide for adequate safeguards against those hazards and effective OHS management - This would describe

A

Procurement during contracting

32
Q

Management control of losses (ISMEC) is?

A

Overall control of losses by management

33
Q

5 progressive steps in the ISMEC

A
  1. identification of the work
  2. standards
  3. Measurement
  4. Evaluation
  5. Commendation and correction
34
Q

Hierarchy of controls is

A

an order of effectiveness of hazard control

35
Q

Hierarchy of controls

A
  1. eliminate hazard/risk through system design and redesign
  2. reduce risks by substituting less-hazardous methods or materials
  3. incorporate engineering controls
  4. provide warning and alerting technique
  5. administer controls
  6. PPE
36
Q

“Fire prevention” addresses…

A

the methods in which hazardous materials could be subjected to unintended reactions.

37
Q

guard openings - to maintain a definitely safe zone beyond a 3/8 in. opening, the opening must be no more than

A

1/4 inch (6 mm) wide within 1 1/2 inch (38mm) of the danger point

38
Q

Point of operation safeguarding methods

A
  1. enclosure or barrier
  2. automatic or semi-automatic feed
  3. hand removal or restraint
  4. two-hand trip
39
Q

“is hazardous in varying degree”

A

All mechanical action or motion

40
Q

actions or motions that are the most hazardous

A
  1. rotating, reciprocating and transverse motions
  2. in running nip points
  3. cutting actions
  4. punching, shearing and bending
41
Q

Nip points or bites defined as

A

is a hazardous area created by two or more mechanical parts rotating in opposite directions within the same plane and in close interaction

42
Q

energy sources can be

A

electrical, pneumatic, steam, hydraulic, chemical or thermal

43
Q

4 types of hearing protection are

A
  1. enclosure to entire head (eg. fighter pilot helmet)
  2. aural inserts
  3. supernatural protectors - canal caps
  4. circumaural protectors - ear muffs
44
Q

“Fall protection” is defined as

A

a means of preventing workers from experiencing disastrous falls from elevation

45
Q

Fall Protection can be

A

active or passive

46
Q

active fall protection is

A

components and systems that require some manipulation by the workers to make the fall protection effective.

47
Q

passive fall protection is

A

components and systems such as nets that do not require any action on the worker part.

48
Q

CSA approved foot wear offers in combination or alone

A
  1. toe protection
  2. puncture resistant
  3. metatarsal
  4. electrical
  5. chainsaw
49
Q

Electrical definitions:

current

voltage

resistance

equation

A

current - total volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given length of time

voltage - pressure in the pipe

resistance - a blockage in the water pipe

Ohm’s law = I = V/R

50
Q

Bonding & Grounding

A

bonding - neutralizing the differences between separated metal objects by means of conductive path

grounding - providing connection to “earth” or equivalent zero potential

51
Q

Hot wire

A

black, brings electrical current from the service panel

52
Q

neutral wire

A

white, returns electrical current to service panel

53
Q

Ground wire

A

green, connects all metal parts of a circuit

54
Q

GFCI

A

Ground Fault Circuit Indicator

55
Q

Guards and limit switches

A

upper limit switch - preventing hoisting the load blocks at the sheaves
lower limit switch - block enters a pit with limited pit
load limit switch - prevent overloading

56
Q

Types of cranes

A
  1. overhead travelling - travel on overhead rails
  2. gantry - rails at ground
  3. derrick - a-frame, stiff leg, guy, gin pole
  4. tower - construction of buildings
  5. mobile - telescopic (hydraulic), lattice boom
57
Q

powered industrial trucks may be classified by

A

power sources, operator position or means of engaging the load

58
Q

portable power tools are divided into five groups by power source:

A

electrical, pneumatic (air), gas, hydraulic and powder actuated

59
Q

hazardous by-product from welding processes are:

A

fumes, gases and smoke

60
Q

Emphysema

A

loss of elasticity of the lunch

61
Q

“Chemical Process Document” containing the following contents:

A
  1. general - assessment of hazards
  2. process design - block/flow diagrams
  3. mechanical - piping and instrumentation diagrams
62
Q

several established methods used in the chemical process industry - 4 commonly used are

A
  1. hazard surveys
  2. process checklists
  3. HAZOP
  4. safety review
63
Q

The most common incident underlying causes for confined spaces are:

A

insufficient preparation and lack of procedures for entry

64
Q

Definition of confined space

A

any enclosed or partly enclosed space not designed for continuous human occupancy that has limited means of entry and exit and that may contain a hazardous atmosphere or other potential hazards for a worker entering it.

65
Q

Major components of a fall arrest system

A

anchor points, full-body harness, lanyards, shock absorber, lifeline, rescue equipment

CRST (1 decks)

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