CRS

Question 1

expressed in milliequivalent per 100g of the soil

Answer 1

CEC

Question 2

any element that has positively charged such as Ca²+

Answer 2

cations

Question 3

the ability of soil particles to absorb or adsorb and store anions

Answer 3

AEC

Question 4

any element that is negatively charged such as Cl-

Answer 4

anions

Question 5

net result of the overall negative charge of the oxygen atom and the overall positive charges of two hydrogen atoms

Answer 5

polarity

Question 6

Clay with 1:1 fixed lattice type (less expanding) belong to what clay group?

Answer 6

kaolinite group

Question 7

this refers to the process by which soil nutrients such as NO3 are washed down by water from the root zone of the plant

Answer 7

leaching

Question 8

the practice of covering the soil surface with materials that can maintain an ideal soil temperature.

Answer 8

mulching

Question 9

a kind of acidity which is due to the hydrogen ion concentration of the soil soulution

Answer 9

active

Question 10

the most common smectite is among the “swell clays”

Answer 10

Montmorillonite

Question 11

a state of subdivision of a particle in the soil such that surface properties predominate

Answer 11

colloid

Question 13

shape of peds

Answer 13

type

Question 14

soil moisture retention, soil water content resulted to plants remaining permanently wilted

Answer 14

permanent wilting point

Question 15

geometry/physical arrangement of the soil particles

Answer 15

soil structure

Question 16

soil moisture retention, soil is dry that any water present is held so tightly.

Answer 16

hygroscopic corfficient

Question 17

physical classification of gravitational water

Answer 17

free water

Question 18

structure formed due to external forces

Answer 18

dod

Question 19

physical classification of water held between field capacity and hygroscopic coefficient

Answer 19

capillary water

Question 20

modification of texture, structure or at natural surfaces in soil materials due to concentration of particular soil constituents

Answer 20

cutans

Question 21

physical classification of water held at hygroscopic coefficient

Answer 21

hygroscopic water

Question 22

amount of H ions in soil

Answer 22

soil pH

Question 23

free water is biologically classified as___.

Answer 23

superfluous water

Question 24

movement of gases within a mixture.

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 25

measure of purity and strength of spectral color.

Answer 25

chroma

Question 26

term used to describe resistance of soil to various mechanical ease within which soil can be reshaped.

Answer 26

consistence

Question 27

measuring device used to measure temperature of soil.

Answer 27

thermometer

Question 28

method of controlling soil temperature by covering the soil surface with materials such as plants.

Answer 28

mulching

Question 29

layers shown within the vertical distribution of the soil.

Answer 29

soil horizon

Question 30

method of controlling soil temperature by mixing the soil.

Answer 30

tillage

Question 31

soil consistence, quality of adhesion to other objects.

Answer 31

stickiness

Question 32

capillary water is biologically classified as____.

Answer 32

available water

Question 33

dark or glossy color is an indication that the soil is high in____.

Answer 33

organic matter

Question 34

in the hand texturing method, soil particles feel gritty.

Answer 34

sand

Question 35

yellow color of the soil.

Answer 35

goethite

Question 36

green color of the soil.

Answer 36

gialconite

Question 37

red color of the soil.

Answer 37

hematite

Question 38

soil consistence, pertains to the capacity of being molded.

Answer 38

plasticity

Question 39

3-D unit that represents the entire soil body.

Answer 39

Pedon

Question 40

spheroid polyhedron structure having plane or curved surfaces which have slight or no accommodations to the surrounding peds / nonporous

Answer 40

granular

Question 41

in the hand texturing method, soil particles feel sticky.

Answer 41

clay

Question 42

in the hand texturing method, soil particles feels smooth like flour.

Answer 42

silt

Question 43

soil layer where most of the nutrients and organic matter accumulate

Answer 43

A Horizon

Question 44

the most obvious feature of the soil.

Answer 44

soil color

Question 45

cutans, formed when peds press against each other during soil wetting.

Answer 45

stress cutans

Question 46

cutans, is a thin layer of metal oxide

Answer 46

oxide cutans

Question 47

Prismlike, with two dimensions limited and considerably less than the vertical; without rounded caps.

Answer 47

prismatic

Question 48

Prismlike, with two dimensions limited and considerably less than the vertical; with rounded caps.

Answer 48

columnar

Question 49

Platelike, with one dimension

Answer 49

Platy

Question 50

used to determine the relative contributions of the fine fraction.

Answer 50

hand texturing

Question 51

Approximately half of the volume of a soil is a ________ space.

Answer 51

pore

Question 52

Organic horizon in which essentially the original form of most vegetative matter; visible to naked eye.

Answer 52

O1 horizon

Question 53

Organic horizon in which essentially the original form of most vegetative matter; visible to cannot be recognized with the naked eye.

Answer 53

O2 horizon

Question 54

buried soil horizon

Answer 54

b

Question 55

accumulation of carbonate

Answer 55

ca

Question 56

accumulation of calcium sulfate

Answer 56

cs

Question 57

frozen soil

Answer 57

f

Question 58

illuvial humus

Answer 58

h

Question 59

illuvial iron

Answer 59

ir

Question 60

strong cementation

Answer 60

m

Question 61

plowing or other disturbance

Answer 61

p

Question 62

accumulation of salt

Answer 62

sa

Question 63

cementation by siliceous material.

Answer 63

si

Question 64

illuvial clay

Answer 64

t

Question 65

fragipan character

Answer 65

x

Question 66

simply the uppermost soil horizon.

Answer 66

epipedon

Question 67

combined forces of cohesion and adhesion.

Answer 67

surface tension

Question 68

if the soil shrinks and no air will enter the pore spaces, the soil particles are brought closer and closer together.

Answer 68

shrinkage and repulsive forces

Question 69

It is the key to understanding the occurrence of water. It is the continuous circulation of water between the earth's surface and the atmosphere.

Answer 69

hydrologic cycle

Question 70

solute lower the water pressure of the soil and decrease its force energy.

Answer 70

pressure of osmotically active solute

Question 71

brown soil color

Answer 71

maghematite

Question 72

black soil color (dili organic matter)

Answer 72

manganese oxide

Question 73

white soil color

Answer 73

carbonates

Question 74

reduced iron

Answer 74

gray or bluish