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Tooth morphology > Crown and root morphology > Flashcards

Crown and root morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe appearance of incisors

A
  • Flat incisal edge
  • Convex buccal surface
  • Concave palatal/lingual surface
  • 1 root (curve of the root is usually distal) - rarely will have low bifurcation
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2
Q

Describe maxillary incisor crown

A
  • Well developed cingulum
  • Prominent marginal ridges
  • Asymmetrical along long axis
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3
Q

Describe maxillary incisor root

A
  • Triangle/round cross-section

- Wider on buccal surface

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4
Q

Describe mandibular incisor crown

A
  • Poorly developed cingulum
  • Almost no marginal ridges
  • Symmetrical from mesial to distal
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5
Q

Describe mandibular incisor crown

A
  • Flattened mesio-distally cross-section

- Long relative to crown

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6
Q

Upper central incisor crown:root ratio?

A

1:1 (shovel-shaped crown)

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7
Q

Describe appearance of upper central incisor

A
  • Mesial corner is square
  • Distal corner is rounded
  • Distal crown bulges out from long axis
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8
Q

Describe appearance of upper lateral incisor

A
  • Mesial corner is square
  • Distal corner is square
  • Distal crown bulges out from long axis
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9
Q

Crown:root ratio of upper lateral incisor

A

1:2

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10
Q

Describe appearance of lower central incisor

A
  • Flatten roots are perpendicular to incisal edge
  • Longitudinal groove on distal side is deeper
  • Root tip may curve to distal (unreliable)
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11
Q

Describe appearance of upper lateral incisor

A
  • Flattened roots are twisted to incisal edge (backward corner is distal edge)
  • More fan-shaped than lower central incisor
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12
Q

Describe appearance of canines

A
  • Pointy incisal edge
  • Convex buccal surface
  • Slightly concave or convex palatal/lingual surface
  • 1 root - may have low bifurcation
  • If no incisal wear; distal slope of incisal edge is longer than mesial slope
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13
Q

How many roots of maxillary canine?

A

1 root

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14
Q

Appearance of root of canine

A
  • Long relative to crown

- Egg-shaped cross-section

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15
Q

Describe crown of maxillary canine

A
  • Incisal edge portion of crown about 1/3 of crown
  • Very large cingulum
  • Palatal cusp ridge (usually)
  • Prominent marginal ridges
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16
Q

Describe buccal view of maxillary canine

A

Bulges out more from the root than mandibular

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17
Q

Describe proximal view of maxillary canine

A

Crown is straight or leans to buccal side.

Crown is an equilateral triangle.

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18
Q

How many roots of maxillary canine?

A

1 root (rarely 2)

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19
Q

Describe root of mandibular canine

A
  • Long relative to crown

- Oval-round cross-section

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20
Q

Describe crown of mandibular canine

A
  • Incisal edge portion occupies 1/5 of crown
  • Smaller cingulum
  • Less prominent marginal ridges
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21
Q

Describe buccal view of mandibular canine

A

Crown continues in relatively straight line from root

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22
Q

Describe proximal view of mandibular canine

A

Crown leans to lingual.

Crown is a scalene triangle

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23
Q

Describe upper canine appearance

A
  • Distal slope of incisal edge is longer

- Crown bulges out more distally

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24
Q

Describe lower canine appearance

A
  • Distal slope of incisal edge is longer

- Crown bulges out more distally

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25
Q

of cusps and roots of premolars

A
  • 2 cusps (except for lower second premolars)

- 1 or 2 roots

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26
Q

Describe overall appearance of maxillary premolar

A
  • Egg-shaped crown cross-section (oval)
  • Palatal cusp tip located closer to centre of crown than buccal cusp tips
  • Palatal cusp = functional cusp
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27
Q

Describe overall appearance of mandibular premolar

A
  • Round crown cross-section (circular)
  • “Buccal inroll” - buccal cusp is closer to centre of tooth
  • Buccal cusp = functional cusp
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28
Q

Describe crown of upper first premolar

A
  • Canine fossa on mesial surface (bottom of crown and root)
  • Buccal cusp is higher and wider (mesial to distal)
  • Palatal cusp is more centrally located (may be closer to mesial side)
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29
Q

Describe roots of upper first premolar

A
  • 2 well-developed roots (maybe 3)

- Bifurcation on lower apical half

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30
Q

Describe crown of upper second premolar

A
  • No canine fossa
  • Palatal cusp is towards mesial side of tooth and more centrally located
  • Buccal cusp is higher and wider (mesial to distal)
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31
Q

Describe roots of upper second premolar

A
  • 1 roots (maybe 2)

- Oval-flattened on mesio-distal

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32
Q

Describe crown of lower first premolar

A
  • Lingual cusp is much smaller than buccal cusp
  • (Occlusal view) mesio-lingual corner will be cut off
  • Groove often crosses mesial marginal ridge
  • Two fossae on occlusal. Distal fossa will be larger
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33
Q

Describe roots of lower first premolar

A
  • 1 root (sometimes 2 roots)

- If 2 roots, low bifurcation (not as low as 5th)

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34
Q

Describe crown of lower second premolar

A
  • Lingual and buccal cusps are similar sizes
  • 1 or 2 lingual cusps
  • 1 lingual cusp: Tip closest to mesial surface
  • 2 lingual cusps: Taller cusp closer to mesial surface
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35
Q

Describe roots of lower second premolar

A
  • 1 roots (rarely 2)

- If 2 roots, very low bifurcation (high risk in RCT)

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36
Q

Describe crown of maxillary molars

A
  • 4 main cusps (may have cusp of Carabelli)
  • Disto-palatal cusp is separated from other cusps by ridge and fissure - smallest cusp
  • Mesial palatal cusp is largest
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37
Q

Describe roots of maxillary molars

A
  • 3 roots: 2 buccal and 1 palatal (usual)
  • Mesio-buccal: tear-drop shaped; points to palatal root
  • Distal buccal: oval-shaped
  • Palatal: circular, MP root “points” here
38
Q

Describe crown of mandibular molars

A
  • “Buccal inroll” on buccal surface
  • Mesial cusps are higher
  • Mesial root has deeper grooves
  • Root tips MAY curve distally (unreliable)
39
Q

Describe roots of mandibular molars

A
  • Usually 2 roots - mesial and distal
  • Distal root = bean-shaped
  • Mesial root = hourglass shaped
40
Q

Describe appearance of upper first molar

A
  • Rhomboid occlusal outline (large disto-palatal cusp)
  • May have cusp of Carabelli on mesio-palatal cusp
  • Buccal cusps are equal height and width
  • Buccal groove goes 1/2 down buccal surface
41
Q

Describe appearance of upper second molar

A
  • Trapezoid/square outline (small disto-palatal cusp)
  • Mesio-buccal cusp is larger than disto-buccal cusp
  • Buccal groove goes 1/3 down buccal surface
42
Q

Describe appearance of mandibular first molar

A
  • Five cusps - 3 buccal and 2 lingual

- Not four square fissure pattern

43
Q

Describe appearance of mandibular second molar

A
  • Four square fissure pattern
44
Q

Describe features of upper first premolar occlusal surface

A
  • Egg-shaped
  • Central fissure
  • Mesial and distal marginal ridges
  • Developmental groove - Over mesial marginal ridge
  • Buccal cusp - Wider; tip towards buccal surface
  • Palatal cusp - Narrower; tip towards tooth centre
45
Q

Describe features of upper second premolar occlusal surface

A
  • Egg-shaped
  • Central fissure
  • Mesial and distal marginal ridges
  • Buccal cusp - Wider; tip towards buccal surface
  • Palatal cusps - tip towards mesial side of tooth
46
Q

Describe features of lower first premolar occlusal surface

A
  • Round-shaped - mesio-lingual corner is cut-off
  • Central fissure - curved towards lingual
  • Mesial and distal marginal ridges
  • Buccal cusp - much larger; tip towards tooth centre
  • Lingual cusp - narrower
  • Mesiolingual developmental groove
  • Mesial fossa - smaller; contains developmental groove
  • Distal fossa - larger
47
Q

Describe features of lower second premolar occlusal surface

A
  • Round-shaped
  • Central fissure - curved slightly towards lingual
  • Mesial and distal marginal ridges
  • Lingual and buccal cusps are similar sizes
  • 1 lingual cusp: tip closest to mesial surface
  • 2 lingual cusps: mesiolingual cusp is larger. Lingual fissure between cusps
48
Q

Occlusal outline of upper first molar

A

Rhomboid occlusal outline

49
Q

Upper first molar may have?

A

Cusp of carabelli on palatal side of mesio-palatal cusp

50
Q

Central fissure of upper first molar?

A

Zigzag pattern

51
Q

Buccal fissure of upper first molar is where?

A

Halfway on buccal surface

52
Q

Distopalatal fissure of upper first molar is?

A

Oblique towards distal fissure

53
Q

Upper first molar has mesial and distal marginal ridges

54
Q

Buccal cusps of upper first molar?

A

Buccal cusps are equal height and width. Tips towards buccal surface.

55
Q

Which cusp of upper first molar is the largest?

A

Mesial palatal cusp

56
Q

Which cusp of upper first molar is the smallest?

A

Disto-palatal cusp. This is separated from other cusps by oblique ridge and distopalatal fissure.

57
Q

Distopalatal cusp is separated from other cusps by?

A

Oblique ridge and distopalatal fissure

58
Q

Oblique ridge of upper first molar goes from?

A

Mesiopalatal cusp to distobuccal cusp

59
Q

Mesial fossa of upper first molar is?

A

Larger than distal fossa; mesial to oblique ridge

60
Q

Distal fossa of upper first molar is?

A

Narrower than mesial fossa; distal to oblique ridge

61
Q

Occlusal outline of upper second molar?

A

Trapezoid/square outline

62
Q

Central fissure of upper second molar?

A

Zigzag pattern

63
Q

Buccal fissure of upper second molar stretches?

A

Towards distal surface; oblique

64
Q

Distopalatal fissure of upper second molar?

A

Oblique towards distal surface

65
Q

Upper second molar has mesial and distal marginal ridges

66
Q

Describe buccal cusps of upper second molar?

A

Buccal cusps - Mesio-buccal cusp is larger; tips towards buccal surface

67
Q

Largest cusp of upper second molar?

A

Mesial palatal cusp is largest, but smaller than 6s

68
Q

Smallest cusp of upper second molar?

A

Disto-palatal cusp

69
Q

Disto-palatal cusp of upper second molar is separated from other cusps by?

A

Oblique ridge and distopalatal fissure - smallest cusp

70
Q

Oblique ridge of upper second molar?

A

From mesiopalatal cusp to distobuccal cusp

71
Q

Mesial fossa of upper second molar?

A

Larger than distal fossa; mesial to oblique ridge

72
Q

Distal fossa of upper second molar?

A

Narrow than mesial fossa; distal to oblique ridge

73
Q

Occlusal outline of lower first molar?

A

Oval occlusal outline

74
Q

Central fissure of lower first molar

A

Zigzag pattern

75
Q

Buccal fissure of lower first molar?

A

2/5ths from mesial;oblique

76
Q

Disto-buccal fissure of lower first molar?

A

4/5ths from mesial; oblique

77
Q

Lingual fissure of lower first molar?

A

Halfway on lingual surface, straight

78
Q

Lower first molar has mesial and distal marginal ridges

79
Q

How many cusps of lower first molar?

A

5 cusps - 3 buccal and 2 lingual

80
Q

Describe buccal cusps of lower first molar

A

Buccal cusps width decreases toward distal (mesiobuccal >distobuccal > distal). Tips towards tooth centre

81
Q

Size of lingual cusps of lower first molar

A

Lingual cusps are equal sized. Tips towards lingual surface

82
Q

Mesial fossa of lower first molar

A

Contains junction of central, buccal and lingual fissures

83
Q

Distal fossa of lower first molar

A

Contains junction of central and disto-buccal fissures

84
Q

Occlusal outline of lower second molar

A

Four-square fissure pattern

85
Q

Central fissure of lower second molar

A

Straight line

86
Q

Buccal fissure of lower second molar

A

Half-way on buccal surface, straight

87
Q

Lingual fissure of lower second molar

A

Halfway on lingual surface, straight

88
Q

Lower second molar has mesial and distal marginal ridges

89
Q

Buccal cusps of lower second molar

A

Buccal cusps are equal sized. Tips towards tooth centre

90
Q

Lingual cusps of lower second molar

A

Lingual cusps are equal sized. Tips towards lingual surface.

91
Q

Central fossa of lower second molar

A

Contains junction of central, buccal, and lingual fissures

Tooth morphology (2 decks)

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