Crowd Management

Question 1

What is crowd management?

Answer 1

This is about facilitating the movement and enjoyment of people

Question 2

What is crowd control?

Answer 2

Control is about the actions taken to organise the crowd once a disorder/undesirable behaviour occurs

Question 3

According to Fruin 1993 what factors effect crowd disasters?

Answer 3

• Increased force (pushing)
• Lack of information (poor signage and communication)
• poor design of space
• Unmanaged timing

Question 4

According to Berlongi 1995, is crowd management proactive or reactive?

Answer 4

• Crowd management is proactive and control is reactive

Question 5

What are some examples of crowds in Berlongis paper?

Answer 5

• Agressive/hostile
• Expressive crowd
• Demonstrator crowd

Question 6

According to Berlongi what are some crowd catalysts?

Answer 6

1) Operational circumstances - lack of parking, cancellations, sold out events
2) Event activities - e.g special effects causing loud noises
3) Spectator factors - Consuming alc, rushing for seats
4) Security/police - use of excessive or unreasonable force
5) weather
6) natural disasters

Question 7

According to HSE what do they recommend in regard to roles and responsibilities?

Answer 7

• It needs to be decided of who is repsonsible for safety duties and make sure everyone understands their responsibility

Question 8

According to HSE what do they recommend in regard to working with others?

Answer 8

The event should lease with external bodies or organisations like emergency services who could be involved in crowd management

• Should be effective agreements in place
• Liase with venue owner, transports etc

Question 9

According to HSE what do they recommend in regard to assessing the venue?

Answer 9

• should be designed so people can assemble, enter move around and exit safety
• visits should therefore be made prior to the event to predict and deal proactively with a crowds likely actions

Question 10

According to HSE what do they recommend in regard to communication?

Answer 10

= should be an appropriate number of stewards/signage

= should be ready for potential communication failures e.g spare batteries, speakers mobile phones

Question 11

Whats the definition of a crowd?

Answer 11

‘A large number of persons collected into a somewhat compact body without order’ (Merriam- Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 1993).

Question 12

What should signage be?

Answer 12

clear,concise, unambiguous, well written and readily recognisable (Abbott and Geddie,2001)