Crossover and dual system youth Flashcards
Physical cards x3
Crossover v dual system youth
-Crossover Youth
-Maltreated youth who engage in delinquency
-Dual System Youth
-Crossover youth who have contact or involvement with the
child welfare and juvenile justice systems
Dual-contact, dually-involved, dually-adjudicated
-Dual Contact Youth
-Dual system youth whose system
contact is non-concurrent
-Dually-Involved Youth
-Dual system youth whose system
contact is concurrent
-Dually-Adjudicated Youth
-Dually-involved youth whose
system contact is concurrent and
formal
Pathways
-Pathways through which youth may become dually involved
-Child welfare pathway: child welfare to juvenile justice
-Juvenile justice pathway: juvenile justice to child welfare
Prevalence of crossover and dual-system youth
-Crossover Youth:
-Hard to identify this number!
-Child abuse/ neglect and
delinquency are underreported in
official data
-Dual System Youth:
-Between 44% and 70% of JJ-involved
youth are dual system youth
-This can vary based on their status in
the JJS (e.g., diversion, probation) and
the timeframe the study used
Characteristics of crossover youth
-15 to 16 at arrest
-Males are overrepresented but the proportion of females is higher than in JJ-only populations
-Sexual orientation is overlooked when
examining crossover youth
Youth needs
-Crossover youth
-High levels of substance abuse
-High levels of mental health problems
-More likely to have parents with a history of mental health problems, substance abuse, and/or prior incarceration (than those without child welfare histories)
-High levels of school needs:
* Poor attendance, credit deficient
* Special education services
* Behavior problems at school
* Patterns of truancy
Youth outcomes
-Crossover youth consistently have higher recidivism rates than JJS only counterparts
-Crossover youth have worse outcomes in young adulthood than youth involved in one of the two systems alone. They are more likely to:
-Age out of the child welfare system without permanency
-Experience homelessness
-Experience adult incarceration
-Experience unemployment
Hertz et al. (2019) findings
-Dual system rates were high ranging from 44-70%
-Non-concurrent contact was the most
prevalent, followed by concurrent and a
historical child welfare case
-Youth were more likely to touch the CW before the JJS
-Dual system youth differed from youth with single system contact on demographics and nearly all system experiences
-Youth characteristics and system experiences carried across pathways
Hertz et all implications
-Cross-system collaboration and
implementation of integrated system
practices – information system crosswalks
-Need for delinquency prevention programs for youth in the CWS
-Both systems should have trauma-informed practices and interventions
-Need to address the use of child welfare for young people exiting the JJS to the CWS as a place of last resort when they have no home or no safe home to return to
