Cross Sectional Studies Flashcards
What is a cross sectional study?
Observational study that captures health and disease and exposure statuses at the same time. (Prevelance Study)
What is the purpose of Cross Sectional Study?
To focus simultaneously on disease/exposure/health status/ health care utilization... looking for associations not causations generates and test hypothesis Can be repeated annually *National Data bases *Usually given in a survey
What are the two approaches to CS studies, which is more common approach?
- Collect data on each member of population
- Take a sample of population to represent general pop.
More common
What are the two approaches to collecting data?
Questionnaires or surveys from new or existing databases-directly from patients caregivers or their records.
Physical assessments: Great for assessing changes in a pop over time, not usually same people, many survey based products come from NCHS
Strengths of Cross sectional study?
Quicker and easier for researchers as data is already collected and de identified.
Can be analyzed similar to case control or cohort- create groups
Less expenseive than any other form of prosepective study
Useful for prevalence rates
What kind of IRB review do cross section studies receive?
Exempt Review
What are weaknesses to Cross Sectional Study?
Prevalent cases may only represent survivors
Difficult to study diseases with low frequency
Unable to generate incidences
Cant determine temporality
What is NHANES?
National Health And Nutrition Examination Suvery.
Looks into the health and nutrition of adults and children in the US combines interviews/physicals
Mobile Units go town to town data is de identified
What is NHIS?
National Health Interview Survey.
Source of info on health of the civilian survey represents all ages collected through personal household interview set of core questions that are unchanged.
What is NAMCS?
National Ambulatory Medical Care Services.
Looks at out patient care in non federal institutions
What is NHCS?
National Hospital Care Survey.
Looks at in patient care in non federal institutions
*prevalence studies
Intergrates: NHDS NHAMCS and DAWN
What is BRFSS?
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Largest land line phone health survey. State based system that collects info on risk behaviors, prevention practices, and care access
Youth given survey in school
Cross sectional studies collect information ____.
Collectively all at once
Other observational studies such as ___ and___ can be born out of cross sectional studies?
Cohort or case control
